Merge pull request #52 from OpenGeoScales/feature-article

top down method in ghg emission estimation

docs/index.Rmd

@@ -122,11 +122,19 @@ In addition to satellite data, ground based carbon monitoring remains indispensa
 - Copernicus CO2 Monitoring Task Force
 - Integrated carbon Observation System
 
-```{r ghg_emission_methods, echo=FALSE, fig.cap="Generalised schematic illustrating the combination of top-down information from atmospheric concentration measurements (including atmospherci monitoring stations and satellite) and bottom-up minformation on amissions which are used as first estimate ([source](https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/atmospheric-monitoring-and-inverse-modelling-verification-greenhouse-gas-inventories))", out.width = '40%', fig.align="center"}
+```{r ghg_emission_methods, echo=FALSE, fig.cap="Generalised schematic illustrating the combination of top-down information from atmospheric concentration measurements (including atmospherci monitoring stations and satellite) and bottom-up minformation on amissions which are used as first estimate ([source](https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/atmospheric-monitoring-and-inverse-modelling-verification-greenhouse-gas-inventories))", out.width = '50%', fig.align="center"}
 knitr::include_graphics("images/GHG_topdown_bottomup_methods.png")
 ```
 
 
+- **Greenhouse gas monitoring**
+
+Greenhouse gas monitoring is the direct measurement of greenhouse gas emissions and levels. GHGs are measured from space such as by Orbiting Carbon Observatory and by the mean of networks of ground stations such as the Integreated Carbon Observation System.
+
+- **Space-based measurements of GHG emissions**
+
+Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) are used to help understanding Earht's carbon cycle. There are two high-precision CO2 observing satellites: GOSAT and OCO-2.
+
 ## Bottom-Up: GHG inventory and assessment
 
 A GHG assessment is an evaluation of the quantity of emitted (or captured and stored) GHGs in the atmosphere over one year resulting from the activities of an organization or a territory. This assessment is based on methodologies that quantify the flows of greenhouse gases generated by an entity, and characterize their impact by means of an indicator, usually the global warming potential coefficient (GWP). Bottom-up emission inventories, however, can have significant uncertainties, especially for non CO2 GHGs due to large uncertainties in the emissions factors for many source sectors, as well as biased due to unaccounted sources. Furthermore, statistical activity data can have considerable uncertainties (and might be incomplete), in particular for countries with less developed statistical infrastructure, which will also have to submit regular reports under the Paris Agreement
@@ -247,6 +255,8 @@ Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) | The CDP is an international non-profit organis
 
 ### French scale
 
+Data provider | Description | Geoscale | Data sources | Access |
+---|---------|---|---| ---| 
 Agence De l'Environnement Et de la Maitrise de l'Energie (ADEME) | In France, ADEME provides GHG accounting framework, called Bilan Carbone, for collecting and compiling emissions inventories from organizations and territories. | `City scale`| `ADEME` | [Get data](https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/bilans-demissions-de-ges-publies-sur-le-site-de-lademe-1/)|
 Technical Reference for Air Pollution and Climate Change (CITEPA) | Citepa officially estimates greenhouse gas and air polluant emissions each year on behalf of the French Ministry of the Environment. | `Country scale`<br /> `City scale`| `Citepa` | [Get data](https://www.citepa.org/fr/telechargements/) |
  Atmo France: Fédération des Associations Agréées de Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air (AASQA) | Atmo France is a federation of regional approved supervisory assoiciations of air quality in France. It provides an [Air QUality Open Data Portal](https://atmo-france.org/les-donnees/) including: air polluants stations measurements, emissions, air quality indicators... Data is provided in multiple temporal scales, ranging from hourly to annual data and with historical depth of 5 years. | `Region scale`<br /> `City scale`| `AASQA` | [Get data](https://atmo-france.org/les-donnees/) |