The following machines are used for testing the examples. The list is supposed to be an overview about the different methods to load tapes.
The volume levels are just meant to be a rough orientation based on experiments (e.g. the ZX 81 wants a higher volume than the Acorn Electron).
Volume: 40 %
Load and run BASIC program:
CHAIN ""
or
LOAD ""
RUN
Load data at a specific memory location 0x1000 (ignores data specified in tape header):
*LOAD "" 1000
Call a binary program located at memory location 0x1000:
CALL &1000
Load and run a binary program (uses load and entry location from tape header):
*RUN
(Start)+(Power on)
(Play)
(any key)
Text (ATASCII) files:
ENTER "C:"
Volume VIC 20: 40 % (using cassette adapter side B)
Load and run a BASIC program or machine language program with autostart loader:
RUN ""
Load and run machine language program (prg)
LOAD
(any key)
SYS 4352
4353 (0x1100) is the entry address of the program in memory.
For C64 etc. any key has to be pressed as soon as the "FOUND"-message is shown. The VIC 20 will automatically load the first record found.
Volume: 60 % (using cassette adapter side A)
Load from cassette and run:
run ""
Load at specific memory location and run:
memory &2000
load "", &2000
call &2000
Volume: 40 % (tested with KC 87.11)
Entering a name (here EXAMPLE) that is not yet available as command will cause the machine to load and excute it from tape:
EXAMPLE
(return)
or
EXAMPLE.COM
(return)
Specifiying the extension is optional. Note the additional Return after the message "start tape" appeared!
Loading a program without starting it:
CLOAD EXAMPLE
(return)
or
CLOAD EXAMPLE.COM
(return)
The command name can be different than the file name that was used to store the program on tape.
For BASIC files (usually .SSS file extension), the BASIC interpreter has to be started first. Then programs can be loaded like this:
CLOAD "EXAMPLE"
BASIC ASCII listings can be loaded (within BASIC) using
LOAD#1 "EXAMPLE"
BASICODE
The BASCODER bac87_sss.tap can be used to load and run BASICODE programs:
BASIC
CLOAD" "
*L
Menu commands for BASICODE-3 Version 1.4 A. + U. Zierott:
* - BASICODE menu
*L - Load, translate and start
*A - Read ASCII file
*W - Save ASCII file
*T - Translate ASCII file --> BASIC
*C - Translate BASIC --> ASCI file
*K - List ASCII file
Volume: 20 % (tested with KC 85/4)
Machine programs can be loaded from the main menu:
LOAD
MENU
Most programs create a new menu entry that can be called then.
For BASIC programs (.SSS files) the BASIC interpreter needs to be started first (using BASIC and pressing Enter at the "MEMORY END ? :"-Prompt). Then files can be loaded by:
CLOAD"EXAMPLE"
For files having no (an empty) name can be loaded using CLOAD" " (note the space between the quotation marks).
From within BASIC, BLOAD can be used to load machine programs.
BASICODE
For KC 85/4 the BASCODER BAC854C.SSS can be used to load and run BASICODE programs:
BASIC
CLOAD" "
*L
Menu commands for BASICODE-3C Version 1.5 KC 85/4 A. + U. Zierott, R. Wenzel:
* - BASICODE menu
*L - Load, translate and start
*A - Read ASCII file
*W - Save ASCII file
*T - Translate ASCII file --> BASIC
*C - Translate BASIC --> ASCI file
*K - List ASCII file
The file name consist of 4 hexadecimal digits (here FFFF). After loading, the machine can be reset and the program can be run by specifying the entry address (here 2000).
(LD)
FFFF
(EX)
(RES)
(ADR)
2000
(EX)
Volume: 40 %
Programs can be loaded and started using one of the following methods:
run "cas:"
or
cload
run
or
bload "cas:",r
BASICODE
The BASCODER BASICODE-3 (1987)(NOS)(NL).cas can be used to load and run BASICODE programs.
Load and run BASICODE-3:
bload"cas:",r
Then the BASICODE audio can be loaded using schema A ("Basicode progr >>> Basicode 3 vertaler >>> Basic") and pressing ESC.
The BASCODER will then exit to BASIC and the loaded program can be run.
With cmd the menu can be entered.
cload
run
Volume: 25 % (using cassette adapter side B)
Load and run BASIC program:
LOAD"",R
or
LOAD
RUN
Load and run machine language program:
LOADM"",,R
Load machine language program:
LOADM""
Run machine language program (with entry point 2700, hexadecimal):
EXEC &H2700
Volume: 70 % (using cassette adapter side B)
Load and run machine language program from monitor:
(PLAY)
L
To load BASIC programs, a BASIC interpreter (like 1Z-013B.mzf, 927c33ddd4ae916ca2852207abf0be64) must be loaded first.
Within BASIC, BASIC programs can be loaded and run like this:
(PLAY)
LOAD
RUN
BASICODE
There is a BASICODE implementation S-BASIC/VERTALER BASICODE-2.** (s-basicode 2.mzf, 1d9a2a3258b3233e90ae9b9529ec3f02) that can be used to load and run BASICODE programs. It seems to be a patched version of the standard BASIC.
First load the BASICODE-BASIC from the monitor:
(PLAY)
L
Then from within BASIC the "library routines" need to be initialized using
LOAD/A
and afterwards you can load and run BASICODE programs using:
(PLAY)
LOAD/B
RUN
Volume: 60 % (using line cable)
Pinout of D-Sub-9 connector: 8 = Audio In, 9 = Audio In Ground, 3 = Audio Out, 5 = Audio Out Ground
Loading a BASIC program:
OLD CS1
The command is case-sensitive (all caps)!
Then ENTER twice, play the "tape", and one more ENTER once loading has finished.
The loaded program can be started using
RUN
If loading succeeds, but BASIC complains about an incorrect statment (and the program's LISTing contains garbage), the program is likely for "TI Extended BASIC" (which is available as a cartridge) and not the integrated "TI BASIC".
Volume: 40 % (using line cable)
The load command L takes the load and end address as hexadecimal numbers (here 1000 and 108F) . J starts a program at the specified address (here 1000).
L 1000 108F
J 1000
The monitor image does not change while loading. The sound can be heared on the TV when using the HF cable. After successful loading, the #-prompt is displayed.
Headersave
Headersave (.z80) files have an additional header containing the record name, start address, end address and entry address. To load these files, the Headersave program needs to exist in memory (either in ROM or loaded from tape).
Headersave (e.g. C.HEADERSAVE 5.95.z80) can be loaded using L 3C00 3FFF and initialized by J 3FEE. Then .z80 files can be loaded using the @L command.
As an alternative, RetroLoad allows removing the Headersave header using the --noheadersave option to allow the usage of standard monitor commands. Then the load and end addresses need to be specified manually to the L command and the entry address to the Jcommand.
Volume: 60 % (using line cable)
Load a BASIC program:
LOAD ""
(J, Shift+P, Shift+P, New Line)
In case the program is not auto-starting:
RUN
(R, New Line)
Volume: 80 % (using line cable)
BASIC programs can be loaded and started by
LOAD ""
RUN
(J, ", ", ENTER, ..., R, ENTER)
Note: Some programs may start automatically after loading.
Machine language programs can loaded by
LOAD "" CODE
(J, ", ", EXTEND MODE, I, ENTER)
...and started by
PRINT USR 32768
(P, EXTEND MODE, L, ENTER)
where 32768 is their entry address.