From e34885442b2774e7290e3ee6cb7bbb9b4dacf2ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Clara Miguel <100146555+clara-miguel@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 29 Jun 2023 22:37:28 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Add files via upload --- data.csv | 271 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ 1 file changed, 152 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-) diff --git a/data.csv b/data.csv index 343f45f..811ecae 100644 --- a/data.csv +++ b/data.csv @@ -1,119 +1,152 @@ 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2021";"cau";"cbt";NA;NA;0;"remission";"scid";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;20;35;90;89;NA;NA;NA;NA;2021;0;3;3;4;42;0,8;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Burford_2021_cau_cbt_NA_NA_remission_scid_post_NA_clinician";0,449692073529712;0,183994949709471;-0,557458048530486;0,237116769554871;20;35;90;89 -"107";"Burford, 2021";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;32;30;89;90;NA;NA;NA;NA;2021;0;3;3;4;42;0,8;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Burford_2021_cbt_cau_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";-0,0635904448986548;0,173290889514516;0,0643289474347054;0,205514639785205;32;30;89;90 -"108";"Burford, 2021";"cau";"cbt";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;30;32;90;89;NA;NA;NA;NA;2021;0;3;3;4;42;0,8;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Burford_2021_cau_cbt_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";0,0635904448986548;0,173290889514516;-0,0643289474347054;0,205514639785205;30;32;90;89 -"109";"Burroughs, 1999";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;51;45;123;120;NA;NA;NA;NA;1999;0;3;3;4;36;0,79;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Burroughs_1999_cbt_cau_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";-0,0912273171340747;0,144877115283839;0,124899683427197;0,159269114160062;51;45;123;120 -"110";"Burroughs, 1999";"cau";"cbt";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;45;51;120;123;NA;NA;NA;NA;1999;0;3;3;4;36;0,79;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Burroughs_1999_cau_cbt_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";0,0912273171340747;0,144877115283839;-0,124899683427197;0,159269114160062;45;51;120;123 -"111";"Buchanan, 2010";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;14;15;68;68;NA;NA;NA;NA;2010;0;3;3;4;36,5;0,91;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Buchanan_2010_cbt_cau_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";0,0480721928811036;0,230954616586424;-0,0685130400446138;0,329671766139225;14;15;68;68 -"112";"Buchanan, 2010";"cau";"cbt";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;15;14;68;68;NA;NA;NA;NA;2010;0;3;3;4;36,5;0,91;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Buchanan_2010_cau_cbt_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";-0,0480721928811036;0,230954616586424;0,0685130400446139;0,329671766139225;15;14;68;68 -"113";"Bzdok, 2001";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0;"remission";"scid";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;99;83;300;299;NA;NA;NA;NA;2001;0;3;3;4;41,93;0,77;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Bzdok_2001_cbt_cau_NA_NA_remission_scid_post_NA_clinician";-0,136696892110791;0,098244824236076;0,176084078435829;0,124384034077569;99;83;300;299 -"114";"Bzdok, 2001";"cau";"cbt";NA;NA;0;"remission";"scid";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;83;99;299;300;NA;NA;NA;NA;2001;0;3;3;4;41,93;0,77;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Bzdok_2001_cau_cbt_NA_NA_remission_scid_post_NA_clinician";0,136696892110791;0,098244824236076;-0,176084078435829;0,124384034077569;83;99;299;300 -"115";"Bzdok, 2001";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;109;100;300;299;NA;NA;NA;NA;2001;0;3;3;4;41,93;0,77;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Bzdok_2001_cbt_cau_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";-0,0700459036735813;0,0945895299353133;0,0860949206792467;0,111787731831006;109;100;300;299 -"116";"Bzdok, 2001";"cau";"cbt";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;100;109;299;300;NA;NA;NA;NA;2001;0;3;3;4;41,93;0,77;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Bzdok_2001_cau_cbt_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";0,0700459036735814;0,0945895299353133;-0,0860949206792466;0,111787731831006;100;109;299;300 -"117";"Bruckner, 2009";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;89;81;154;155;NA;NA;NA;NA;2009;0;3;3;4;24,5;0,81;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Bruckner_2009_cbt_cau_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";-0,123121495954677;0,12630097031754;0,094075706113508;0,103133479878229;89;81;154;155 -"118";"Bruckner, 2009";"cau";"cbt";NA;NA;0;"remission";"hdrs";"post";NA;"clinician";NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;81;89;155;154;NA;NA;NA;NA;2009;0;3;3;4;24,5;0,81;1;4;1;1;1;"sr";1;4;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;NA;"Bruckner_2009_cau_cbt_NA_NA_remission_hdrs_post_NA_clinician";0,123121495954677;0,12630097031754;-0,094075706113508;0,103133479878229;81;89;155;154 +"";"study";"condition_arm1";"condition_arm2";"multi_arm1";"multi_arm2";".g";".g_se";"outcome_type";"outcome_domain";"gambling_outcome";"instrument";"mean_arm1";"sd_arm1";"n_arm1";"mean_arm2";"sd_arm2";"n_arm2";"md_arm1varm2";"common_sd_arm1vsarm2";"year";"time_weeks";"time";"format";"format_details";"country";"mean_age";"percent_women";"sg";"ac";"ba";"itt";"rob";"full_ref";"doi";"abstract";"title";"url";"journal";"id_study";".id" +"1";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"f2f";"cau";-0,386020561574708;0,182616567486037;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"asi";0,36;0,22;70;0,46;0,3;53;NA;NA;2006;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"45.2";0,46;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"2";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";-0,0730101087397501;0,179941855241956;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"asi";0,44;0,25;72;0,46;0,3;53;NA;NA;2006;"8";"post";"ind";"ush";"us";"44.3";0,47;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"3";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"f2f";"cau";-0,234740483337905;0,190429612714545;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"asi";0,32;0,28;70;0,39;0,32;45;NA;NA;2006;"40";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"45.2";0,46;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"4";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";-0,0334607702607027;0,192002756441166;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"asi";0,38;0,28;66;0,39;0,32;45;NA;NA;2006;"40";"follow up";"ind";"ush";"us";"44.3";0,47;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"5";"Petry, 2008";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,104309111146446;0,216327518347852;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"asi";0,32;0,19;38;0,34;0,19;47;NA;NA;2008;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"42.6";0,38;1;1;1;1;4;"Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Ledgerwood, D. M., & Morasco, B. (2008). A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(2), 318-328.";"10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.318";"Limited research exists regarding methods for reducing problem gambling. Problem gamblers (N = 180) were randomly assigned to assessment only control, 10 min of brief advice, 1 session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET), or 1 session of MET plus 3 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Gambling was assessed at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at a 9-month follow-up. Relative to assessment only, brief advice was the only condition that significantly decreased gambling between baseline and Week 6, and it was associated with clinically significant reductions in gambling at Month 9. Between Week 6 and Month 9, MET plus cognitive-behavioral therapy evidenced significantly reduced gambling on 1 index compared with the control condition. These results suggest the efficacy of a very brief intervention for reduction of gambling among problem and pathological gamblers who are not actively seeking gambling treatment. ";"A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-03290-013";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2008";NA +"6";"Petry, 2008";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,374115124124962;0,230358696732795;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"asi";0,25;0,17;34;0,33;0,24;42;NA;NA;2008;"30";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"42.6";0,38;1;1;1;1;4;"Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Ledgerwood, D. M., & Morasco, B. (2008). A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(2), 318-328.";"10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.318";"Limited research exists regarding methods for reducing problem gambling. Problem gamblers (N = 180) were randomly assigned to assessment only control, 10 min of brief advice, 1 session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET), or 1 session of MET plus 3 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Gambling was assessed at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at a 9-month follow-up. Relative to assessment only, brief advice was the only condition that significantly decreased gambling between baseline and Week 6, and it was associated with clinically significant reductions in gambling at Month 9. Between Week 6 and Month 9, MET plus cognitive-behavioral therapy evidenced significantly reduced gambling on 1 index compared with the control condition. These results suggest the efficacy of a very brief intervention for reduction of gambling among problem and pathological gamblers who are not actively seeking gambling treatment. ";"A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-03290-013";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2008";NA +"7";"Petry, 2009";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,244924970478235;0,288100003103087;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"asi";0,18;0,1;18;0,21;0,13;34;NA;NA;2009;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"20.3";0,13;1;1;1;1;4;"Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Morasco, B. J., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2009). Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers. Addiction, 104(9), 1569-1578.";"10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02652.x";"Aims: College students experience high rates of problem and pathological gambling, yet little research has investigated methods for reducing gambling in this population. This study sought to examine the efficacy of brief intervention strategies. Design: Randomized trial. Setting: College campuses. Participants: A total of 117 college student problem and pathological gamblers. Interventions: Students were assigned randomly to: an assessment-only control, 10 minutes of brief advice, one session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or one session of MET, plus three sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The three interventions were designed to reduce gambling. Measurements: Gambling was assessed at baseline, week 6 and month 9 using the Addiction Severity Index-gambling (ASI-G) module, which also assesses days and dollars wagered. Findings: Compared to the assessment-only condition, those receiving any intervention had significant decreases in ASI-G scores and days and dollars wagered over time. The MET condition decreased significantly ASI-G scores and dollars wagered over time, and increased the odds of a clinically significant reduction in gambling at the 9-month follow-up relative to the assessment-only condition, even after controlling for baseline indices that could impact outcomes. The Brief Advice and MET+CBT conditions had benefits on some, but not all, indices of gambling. None of the interventions differed significantly from one another. Conclusions These results suggest the efficacy of brief interventions for reducing gambling problems in college students.";"Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02652.x";"Addiction";"Petry, 2009";NA +"8";"Petry, 2009";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,390297617614841;0,286212595024473;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"asi";0,17;0,15;19;0,24;0,19;33;NA;NA;2009;"30";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"20.3";0,13;1;1;1;1;4;"Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Morasco, B. J., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2009). Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers. Addiction, 104(9), 1569-1578.";"10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02652.x";"Aims: College students experience high rates of problem and pathological gambling, yet little research has investigated methods for reducing gambling in this population. This study sought to examine the efficacy of brief intervention strategies. Design: Randomized trial. Setting: College campuses. Participants: A total of 117 college student problem and pathological gamblers. Interventions: Students were assigned randomly to: an assessment-only control, 10 minutes of brief advice, one session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or one session of MET, plus three sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The three interventions were designed to reduce gambling. Measurements: Gambling was assessed at baseline, week 6 and month 9 using the Addiction Severity Index-gambling (ASI-G) module, which also assesses days and dollars wagered. Findings: Compared to the assessment-only condition, those receiving any intervention had significant decreases in ASI-G scores and days and dollars wagered over time. The MET condition decreased significantly ASI-G scores and dollars wagered over time, and increased the odds of a clinically significant reduction in gambling at the 9-month follow-up relative to the assessment-only condition, even after controlling for baseline indices that could impact outcomes. The Brief Advice and MET+CBT conditions had benefits on some, but not all, indices of gambling. None of the interventions differed significantly from one another. Conclusions These results suggest the efficacy of brief interventions for reducing gambling problems in college students.";"Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02652.x";"Addiction";"Petry, 2009";NA +"9";"Casey, 2017";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,522345259704073;0,25287599918255;"msd";"su";NA;"audit";4,17;3,87;27;6,66;5,22;38;NA;NA;2017;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44.5";0,58;1;0;0;0;1;"Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., Horrigan, K., Day, J., Ireland, M., & Clough, B. A. (2017). Internet-based delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy compared to monitoring, feedback and support for problem gambling: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of gambling studies, 33(3), 993-1010.";"10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.";"Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring, Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Casey, 2017";NA +"10";"Carlbring, 2010";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,334373578286918;0,270877685130646;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"bai";10,72;12,99;29;7,12;6,86;25;NA;NA;2010;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"40.5";0,16;1;1;0;0;2;"Carlbring, P., Jonsson, J., Josephson, H., & Forsberg, L. (2010). Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(2), 92-103.";"10.1080/16506070903190245";"Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150 primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control. Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and 6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time. Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome and compliance.";"Motivational Interviewing Versus Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16506070903190245";"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ";"Carlbring, 2010";NA +"11";"Carlbring, 2010";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,500972914998677;0,273245886490903;"msd";"depression";NA;"bdi2";15,21;12,84;29;9,76;7,53;25;NA;NA;2010;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"40.5";0,16;1;1;0;0;2;"Carlbring, P., Jonsson, J., Josephson, H., & Forsberg, L. (2010). Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(2), 92-103.";"10.1080/16506070903190245";"Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150 primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control. Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and 6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time. Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome and compliance.";"Motivational Interviewing Versus Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16506070903190245";"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ";"Carlbring, 2010";NA +"12";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"ind";"wl";-0,784039196872221;0,369188765245291;"msd";"depression";NA;"bdi2";9,3;7,9;12;17,1;10,6;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"13";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"grp";"wl";-0,425406000189275;0,337593883181935;"msd";"depression";NA;"bdi2";12,8;8,8;15;17,1;10,6;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"grp";"grp";"au";"43.6";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"14";"Oei, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,12134348429325;0,289912752525087;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"cpgi";11,09;8,41;23;18,53;4,79;32;NA;NA;2018;"7";"post";"ind";"ush";"au";"49.4";0,51;0;0;0;0;0;"Oei, T. P. S., Raylu, N., & Lai, W. W. (2018). Effectiveness of a self help cognitive behavioural treatment program for problem gamblers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 581-595.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"The study aimed to strengthen the scarce literature on self-help treatments for Problem Gambling (PG) by comparing the effectiveness of a Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (SHCBT) program (n = 23) with a 6-week Waitlist condition (n = 32) in problem gamblers. Participants were community volunteers with gambling problems and were randomly allocated to the Waitlist and treatment conditions. Results showed significant improvements at post-treatment in gambling behaviors including frequency of gambling, average amount gambled per day and PG symptoms as well as a number of gambling correlates including psychological states (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress), gambling cognitions, gambling urges, gambling related self-efficacy, satisfaction with life, and quality of life among those who completed the SHCBT program, when compared with the waitlist condition. The effect size (partial η 2) ranged from .25 to .57 for all assessed outcomes that showed significant improvement from pre- to post-treatment. It was concluded that a self-help CBT program can be beneficial for treating community problem gamblers.";"Effectiveness of a Self Help Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Program for Problem Gamblers: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Oei, 2018";NA +"15";"Casey, 2017";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,53064708073033;0,254958315228513;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"dass-a";4,67;6,48;24;8,86;8,43;44;NA;NA;2017;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44.5";0,58;1;0;0;0;1;"Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., Horrigan, K., Day, J., Ireland, M., & Clough, B. A. (2017). Internet-based delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy compared to monitoring, feedback and support for problem gambling: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of gambling studies, 33(3), 993-1010.";"10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.";"Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring, Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Casey, 2017";NA +"16";"Oei, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,640461824885086;0,276310342447865;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"dass-a";5,52;9,51;23;12,71;12,05;32;NA;NA;2018;"7";"post";"ind";"ush";"au";"49.4";0,51;0;0;0;0;0;"Oei, T. P. S., Raylu, N., & Lai, W. W. (2018). Effectiveness of a self help cognitive behavioural treatment program for problem gamblers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 581-595.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"The study aimed to strengthen the scarce literature on self-help treatments for Problem Gambling (PG) by comparing the effectiveness of a Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (SHCBT) program (n = 23) with a 6-week Waitlist condition (n = 32) in problem gamblers. Participants were community volunteers with gambling problems and were randomly allocated to the Waitlist and treatment conditions. Results showed significant improvements at post-treatment in gambling behaviors including frequency of gambling, average amount gambled per day and PG symptoms as well as a number of gambling correlates including psychological states (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress), gambling cognitions, gambling urges, gambling related self-efficacy, satisfaction with life, and quality of life among those who completed the SHCBT program, when compared with the waitlist condition. The effect size (partial η 2) ranged from .25 to .57 for all assessed outcomes that showed significant improvement from pre- to post-treatment. It was concluded that a self-help CBT program can be beneficial for treating community problem gamblers.";"Effectiveness of a Self Help Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Program for Problem Gamblers: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Oei, 2018";NA +"17";"Wong, 2015";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,568653239877402;0,357394777185378;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"dass-a";2,29;2,43;15;4,44;4,55;16;NA;NA;2015;"10";"post";"grp";"grp";"eas";"NA";0;0;0;0;1;1;"Wong, D. F. K., Chung, C. L. P., Wu, J., Tang, J., & Lau, P. (2015). A preliminary study of an integrated and culturally attuned cognitive behavioral group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(3), 1015-1027.";"10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Chinese people may have a higher rate of gambling problems than other cultural groups. However, there are very few clinical outcome studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of clinical interventions for helping Chinese gamblers. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective for helping problem gamblers to significantly reduce their gambling problems in western countries. Very few CBT clinical trials have been conducted with the Chinese populations, and the results were masked by methodological limitations. This preliminary study attempted to test the effectiveness of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. This study adopted a randomized control design and 38 participants were allocated randomly to the experimental condition (n = 18) and control condition (n = 20). The experimental group received 10 weekly CBT group sessions and individual counseling services while control group only received the individual counseling services. Significant decreases in gambling severity and frequencies of gambling were found in the experimental group. The findings also showed that a change in gambling cognitions predicted the changes in gambling severity and gambling urge while a change in gambling severity was also linked to a change in depression. Preliminary evidence highlights the potential benefits of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. However, a more vigorous research design with a larger sample is needed to provide solid evidence of the effectiveness of the model for Chinese problem gamblers.";"A Preliminary Study of an Integrated and Culturally Attuned Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment for Chinese Problem Gamblers in Hong Kong";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Wong, 2015";NA +"18";"Casey, 2017";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,0396514293296552;0,251870856657146;"msd";"depression";NA;"dass-d";8,25;10,78;24;8,58;6,41;43;NA;NA;2017;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44.5";0,58;1;0;0;0;1;"Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., Horrigan, K., Day, J., Ireland, M., & Clough, B. A. (2017). Internet-based delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy compared to monitoring, feedback and support for problem gambling: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of gambling studies, 33(3), 993-1010.";"10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.";"Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring, Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Casey, 2017";NA +"19";"Oei, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,72818307920906;0,278278373306519;"msd";"depression";NA;"dass-d";12,64;14,82;23;22,26;11,58;32;NA;NA;2018;"7";"post";"ind";"ush";"au";"49.4";0,51;0;0;0;0;0;"Oei, T. P. S., Raylu, N., & Lai, W. W. (2018). Effectiveness of a self help cognitive behavioural treatment program for problem gamblers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 581-595.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"The study aimed to strengthen the scarce literature on self-help treatments for Problem Gambling (PG) by comparing the effectiveness of a Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (SHCBT) program (n = 23) with a 6-week Waitlist condition (n = 32) in problem gamblers. Participants were community volunteers with gambling problems and were randomly allocated to the Waitlist and treatment conditions. Results showed significant improvements at post-treatment in gambling behaviors including frequency of gambling, average amount gambled per day and PG symptoms as well as a number of gambling correlates including psychological states (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress), gambling cognitions, gambling urges, gambling related self-efficacy, satisfaction with life, and quality of life among those who completed the SHCBT program, when compared with the waitlist condition. The effect size (partial η 2) ranged from .25 to .57 for all assessed outcomes that showed significant improvement from pre- to post-treatment. It was concluded that a self-help CBT program can be beneficial for treating community problem gamblers.";"Effectiveness of a Self Help Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Program for Problem Gamblers: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Oei, 2018";NA +"20";"Wong, 2015";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,170973699992035;0,350694912855012;"msd";"depression";NA;"dass-d";3,57;2,95;15;4,25;4,57;16;NA;NA;2015;"10";"post";"grp";"grp";"eas";"NA";0;0;0;0;1;1;"Wong, D. F. K., Chung, C. L. P., Wu, J., Tang, J., & Lau, P. (2015). A preliminary study of an integrated and culturally attuned cognitive behavioral group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(3), 1015-1027.";"10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Chinese people may have a higher rate of gambling problems than other cultural groups. However, there are very few clinical outcome studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of clinical interventions for helping Chinese gamblers. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective for helping problem gamblers to significantly reduce their gambling problems in western countries. Very few CBT clinical trials have been conducted with the Chinese populations, and the results were masked by methodological limitations. This preliminary study attempted to test the effectiveness of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. This study adopted a randomized control design and 38 participants were allocated randomly to the experimental condition (n = 18) and control condition (n = 20). The experimental group received 10 weekly CBT group sessions and individual counseling services while control group only received the individual counseling services. Significant decreases in gambling severity and frequencies of gambling were found in the experimental group. The findings also showed that a change in gambling cognitions predicted the changes in gambling severity and gambling urge while a change in gambling severity was also linked to a change in depression. Preliminary evidence highlights the potential benefits of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. However, a more vigorous research design with a larger sample is needed to provide solid evidence of the effectiveness of the model for Chinese problem gamblers.";"A Preliminary Study of an Integrated and Culturally Attuned Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment for Chinese Problem Gamblers in Hong Kong";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Wong, 2015";NA +"21";"Carlbring, 2010";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,241797059028672;0,44186143389828;"msd";"su";NA;"dgd";0,57;1,51;7;1;1,79;15;NA;NA;2010;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"40.5";0,16;1;1;0;0;2;"Carlbring, P., Jonsson, J., Josephson, H., & Forsberg, L. (2010). Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(2), 92-103.";"10.1080/16506070903190245";"Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150 primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control. Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and 6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time. Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome and compliance.";"Motivational Interviewing Versus Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16506070903190245";"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ";"Carlbring, 2010";NA +"22";"Boudreault, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,928651059085842;0,282714832289681;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-5";2,74;2,08;27;4,7;2,08;27;NA;NA;2018;"11";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"51.5";0,39;1;0;0;1;2;"Boudreault, C., Giroux, I., Jacques, C., Goulet, A., Simoneau, H., & Ladouceur, R. (2018). Efficacy of a self-help treatment for at-risk and pathological gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 561-580.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9717-z";"Available evidence suggests that self-help treatments may reduce problem gambling severity but inconsistencies of results across clinical trials leave the extent of their benefits unclear. Moreover, no self-help treatment has yet been validated within a French Canadian setting. The current study therefore assesses the efficacy of a French language self-help treatment including three motivational telephone interviews spread over an 11-week period and a cognitive-behavioral self-help workbook. At-risk and pathological gamblers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 31) or the waiting list (n = 31). Relative to the waiting list, the treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of DSM-5 gambling disorder criteria met, gambling habits, and gambling consequences at Week 11. Perceived self-efficacy and life satisfaction also significantly improved after 11 weeks for the treatment group, but not for the waiting list group. At Week 11, 13% of participants had dropped out of the study. All significant changes reported for the treatment group were maintained throughout 1, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Results support the efficacy of the self-help treatment to reduce problem gambling severity, gambling behaviour and to improve overall functioning among a sample of French Canadian problem gamblers over short, medium and long term. Findings from this study lend support to the appropriateness of self-help treatments for problem gamblers and help clarify inconsistencies found in the literature. The low dropout rate is discussed with respect to the advantages of the self-help format. Clinical and methodological implications of the results are put forth.";"Efficacy of a Self-Help Treatment for At-Risk and Pathological Gamblers";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9717-z";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Boudreault, 2018";NA +"23";"Sylvain, 1997";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-3,10757930482569;0,544941265650854;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iii";1,1;0,9;14;5,7;1,8;15;NA;NA;1997;"NA";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"40.200000000000003";0;0;0;0;0;0;"Sylvain, C., Ladouceur, R., & Boisvert, J. M. (1997). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study. Journal of consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 727-732.";"10.1037/0022-006X.65.5.727";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment package for pathological gambling. Twenty-nine men who met criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised; DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control. The treatment included 4 components: (a) cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions about gambling, (b) problem-solving training, (c) social skills training, and (d) relapse prevention. The dependent variables were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and number of DSM-III-R criteria met by participants. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed and focus on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions of gambling. ";"Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: A controlled study.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006x.65.5.727";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Sylvain, 1997";NA +"24";"Harris, 2016";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,35658346350371;0,402727908750111;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iv";2,13;1,96;15;5,14;2,35;14;NA;NA;2016;"8";"post";"grp";"grp";"can";"34.200000000000003";0,47;0;0;0;1;1;"Harris, N., & Mazmanian, D. (2016). Cognitive behavioural group therapy for problem gamblers who gamble over the internet: A controlled study. Journal of Gambling Issues, 33, 170-188.";"10.4309/jgi.2016.33.10";"Several studies have found higher rates of problem gambling among Internet gamblers than non-Internet gamblers. Because of easy access and convenience, along with other gaming characteristics, many researchers in the field have advanced the argument that Internet gambling is potentially more addictive and problematic than land-based gambling activities. However, research examining the efficacy of treatments for problem gamblers who gamble over the Internet has not yet been conducted. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of group cognitive behavioural therapy for self-identified problem Internet gamblers. (n = 16) or wait list (delayed treatment) comparison group (n = 16). Results indicated that the treatment was efficacious in improving three of the four dependent variables from pre- to post-test/treatment: number of DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling endorsed, perception of control over gambling, and number of sessions gambled. No significant pre- to post-test/treatment difference was found between groups on desire to gamble. Groups were combined to examine treatment outcome over time, with results showing significant pre- to post-treatment and pre- to three-month post-treatment improvement for all four dependent variables.";"Cognitive behavioural group therapy for problem gamblers who gamble over the internet: A controlled study";"https://cdspress.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Nicholas-Harris-Dwight-Mazmanian.pdf";"Journal of Gambling Issues";"Harris, 2016";NA +"25";"Ladouceur, 2001";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-2,65401837483631;0,341411191190517;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iv";0,4;0,8;35;5,7;2,8;29;NA;NA;2001;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"42";0,17;0;0;0;0;0;"Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., Leblond, J., & Jacques, C. (2001). Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(11), 774-780.";"10.1097/00005053-200111000-00007";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive treatment package for pathological gambling. Sixty-six gamblers, meeting DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control conditions. Cognitive correction techniques were used first to target gamblers' erroneous perceptions about randomness and then to address issues of relapse prevention. The dependent measures used were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the number of DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling met by participants, as well as gamblers' perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, and desire to gamble. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed, focusing on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions toward the notion of randomness.";"Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling";"https://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Fulltext/2001/11000/Cognitive_Treatment_of_Pathological_Gambling.7.aspx";"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease";"Ladouceur, 2001";NA +"26";"Ladouceur, 2003";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,63709758929495;0,300502629681259;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iv";1,56;2,32;34;6;3,1;25;NA;NA;2003;"12";"post";"grp";"grp";"can";"43.4";0,22;0;0;0;0;0;"Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., & Leblond, J. (2003). Group therapy for pathological gamblers: A cognitive approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(5), 587-596.";"10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00036-0";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a group cognitive treatment for pathological gambling. Gamblers, meeting DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, were randomly assigned to treatment (N=34) or wait-list control (N=24) conditions. Cognitive correction techniques were used first to target gamblers’ erroneous perceptions about randomness, and then to address issues of relapse prevention. The dependent measures used were the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, perceived self-efficacy, gamblers’ perception of control, desire to gamble, and frequency of gambling. Post-treatment results indicated that 88% of the treated gamblers no longer met the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling compared to only 20% in the control group. Similar changes were observed on all outcome measures. Analysis of data from 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for group interventions are discussed, focusing on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions toward the notion of randomness.";"Group therapy for pathological gamblers: a cognitive approach";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796702000360";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Ladouceur, 2003";NA +"27";"Larimer, 2012";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,530771864156041;0,241774602321511;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iv";1,53;1,14;30;2,26;1,5;41;NA;NA;2012;"10";"follow up";"comb";"comb";"us";"21.23";0,35;0;0;0;1;1;"Larimer, M. E., Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Whiteside, U., Cronce, J. M., Kaysen, D., & Walker, D. D. (2012). Brief motivational feedback and cognitive behavioral interventions for prevention of disordered gambling: A randomized clinical trial. Addiction, 107(6), 1148-1158.";"10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03776.x";"Aims: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of two promising approaches to indicated prevention of disordered gambling in a college population. Design: Randomized clinical trial with assignment to a personalized feedback intervention (PFI), cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI) or assessment-only control (AOC). PFI was delivered individually in a single session and included feedback regarding gambling behavior, norms, consequences and risk-reduction tips, delivered in a motivational interviewing style. CBI was delivered in small groups over four to six sessions and included functional analysis and brief cognitive correction, as well as identification of and alternatives for responding to gambling triggers. Setting: College campus. Participants: At-risk or probable pathological gamblers (n = 147; 65.3% male; group assignment: PFI, n = 52; CBI, n = 44; AOC, n = 51). Measurements: Self-reported gambling quantity, frequency, consequences, psychopathology, normative perceptions and beliefs. Findings: Relative to control, results at 6-month follow-up indicated reductions in both interventions for gambling consequences (PFI d = 0.48; CBI d = 0.39) and DSM-IV criteria (PFI d = 0.60; CBI d = 0.48), reductions in frequency for PFI (d = 0.48). CBI was associated with reduced illusions of control, whereas PFI was associated with reduced perceptions of gambling frequency norms. Reductions in perceived gambling frequency norms mediated effects of PFI on gambling frequency. Conclusions: A single-session personalized feedback intervention and a multi-session cognitive-behavioral intervention may be helpful in reducing disordered gambling in US college students.";"Brief motivational feedback and cognitive behavioral interventions for prevention of disordered gambling: a randomized clinical trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03776.x";"Addiction";"Larimer, 2012";NA +"28";"Marceaux, 2011";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-3,29389305790606;0,663699905435417;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iv";1,07;1,16;15;6,71;2,43;7;NA;NA;2011;"8";"post";"grp";"grp";"us";"49";0,62;0;0;0;0;0;"Marceaux, J. C., & Melville, C. L. (2011). Twelve-step facilitated versus mapping-enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gambling: A controlled study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(1), 171-190.";"10.1007/s10899-010-9196-y";"This study examined the efficacy of two group treatments for pathological gambling, a node-link mapping-enhanced cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT-mapping) and twelve-step facilitated (TSF) group treatment. Forty-nine participants meeting criteria for pathological gambling were recruited from local newspaper advertisements. These participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: TSF (n = 11), CBGT-mapping (n = 18), and Wait-List control (n = 9); 11 refused treatment prior to randomization. Outcome measures included number of DSM-IV criteria met, perception of control/self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and frequency of gambling episodes. Analyses revealed a significant treatment group × time interaction (η²partial = .39). Specifically, the group treatments resulted in significant improvements in the dependent measures, while the Wait-List group remained relatively stable. Overall, CBGT-mapping and TSF had no significant differences on any outcome measure at follow-up assessments. Analysis of post-treatment and 6-month follow-up reveal a significant improvement in gambling outcomes (i.e., fewer DSM-IV criteria met, greater self-efficacy, and fewer gambling episodes (η²partial = .35), with treatment gains maintained at 6 months. These results are consistent with previous research for group treatment for pathological gambling and provide support for the utility of TSF and a mapping-based CBT therapy as viable intervention for pathological gambling.";"Twelve-Step Facilitated Versus Mapping-Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pathological Gambling: A Controlled Study";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-010-9196-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Marceaux, 2011";NA +"29";"Myrseth, 2009";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,770185177652907;0,521142376557717;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iv";1,57;2,64;7;4,57;4,43;7;NA;NA;2009;"7";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"37.4";0,21;0;0;0;0;0;"Myrseth, H., Litlerè, I., Støylen, I. J., & Pallesen, S. (2009). A controlled study of the effect of cognitive–behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63(1), 22-31.";"10.1080/08039480802055139";"As the number of pathological gamblers has increased recently, the need for effective treatment has become more evident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term cognitive–behavioural group therapy programme for pathological gamblers. Fourteen subjects (three females and 11 males), who met the criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, were randomly assigned to a Treatment Group (n=7) or a waiting list Control Group (n=7). An experimental design with three repeated measures was used (pre-treatment, post-treatment/post-waiting list and follow-up). The dependent variables were DSM-IV Criteria for Pathological Gambling, Money Spent on Gambling During the Last Week and Gamblers Inventory of Negative Consequences. The Treatment Group improved on the DSM-IV Criteria for Pathological Gambling, but did not show a significant improvement on Money Spent on Gambling During the Last week from pre-treatment to post-treatment. Combining both groups at 3-months follow-up, there was a significant improvement on all three variables from pre-treatment to follow-up. The results of this controlled study indicate that a short-term cognitive–behavioural group treatment for pathological gamblers had an effect.";"A controlled study of the effect of cognitive–behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08039480802055139";"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ";"Myrseth, 2009";NA +"30";"Myrseth, 2009";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,200878096239613;0,501841941099803;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iv";1,57;2,44;7;2,29;4,07;7;NA;NA;2009;"12";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"eu";"37.4";0,21;0;0;0;0;0;"Myrseth, H., Litlerè, I., Støylen, I. J., & Pallesen, S. (2009). A controlled study of the effect of cognitive–behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63(1), 22-31.";"10.1080/08039480802055139";"As the number of pathological gamblers has increased recently, the need for effective treatment has become more evident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term cognitive–behavioural group therapy programme for pathological gamblers. Fourteen subjects (three females and 11 males), who met the criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, were randomly assigned to a Treatment Group (n=7) or a waiting list Control Group (n=7). An experimental design with three repeated measures was used (pre-treatment, post-treatment/post-waiting list and follow-up). The dependent variables were DSM-IV Criteria for Pathological Gambling, Money Spent on Gambling During the Last Week and Gamblers Inventory of Negative Consequences. The Treatment Group improved on the DSM-IV Criteria for Pathological Gambling, but did not show a significant improvement on Money Spent on Gambling During the Last week from pre-treatment to post-treatment. Combining both groups at 3-months follow-up, there was a significant improvement on all three variables from pre-treatment to follow-up. The results of this controlled study indicate that a short-term cognitive–behavioural group treatment for pathological gamblers had an effect.";"A controlled study of the effect of cognitive–behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08039480802055139";"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ";"Myrseth, 2009";NA +"31";"Toneatto, 2014";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,14079843866459;0,487557885603909;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"dsm-iv";3,44;3;9;6,71;2,43;9;NA;NA;2014;"7";"post";"grp";"grp";"can";"44.1";0,44;0;0;0;1;1;"Toneatto, T., Pillai, S., & Courtice, E. L. (2014). Mindfulness-enhanced cognitive behavior therapy for problem gambling: A controlled pilot study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(2), 197-205.";"10.1007/s11469-014-9481-6";"In recent years, mindfulness meditation has shown to be a promising approach for alleviating disability and dysfunction associated with a wide range of medical and psychiatric conditions. To date, there have been no controlled clinical studies of mindfulness for problem gambling (beyond case studies) despite the well-established presence of irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions which would suggest that mindfulness interventions would be particularly suitable. In the present study, a group, five-session, mindfulness intervention was integrated into an empirically-effective cognitive-behavioral therapy for problem gamblers. Compared to a wait list control the mindfulness intervention significantly reduced the severity of gambling, gambling urges and psychiatric symptoms at end-of-treatment. At the 3-month follow-up combining the results of both groups the results were maintained. In addition, a significant decrease in the proportion of the sample meeting criteria for pathological gambling was found. Those individuals who reported some mindfulness practice post-treatment showed significantly better clinical outcomes than did those who did not report any mindfulness practice suggesting that mindfulness did play a role in the outcomes observed. Taking into consideration the multiple methodological limitations of this pilot study there is sufficient evidence to further investigate the potential efficacy of mindfulness interventions for problem gambling.";"Mindfulness-Enhanced Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Problem Gambling: A Controlled Pilot Study";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-014-9481-6";"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction";"Toneatto, 2014";NA +"32";"Boudreault, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,593641469121034;0,274236422317425;"msd";"gambling";"duration";"duration";8,44;10,81;27;24,92;37,15;27;NA;NA;2018;"11";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"51.5";0,39;1;0;0;1;2;"Boudreault, C., Giroux, I., Jacques, C., Goulet, A., Simoneau, H., & Ladouceur, R. (2018). Efficacy of a self-help treatment for at-risk and pathological gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 561-580.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9717-z";"Available evidence suggests that self-help treatments may reduce problem gambling severity but inconsistencies of results across clinical trials leave the extent of their benefits unclear. Moreover, no self-help treatment has yet been validated within a French Canadian setting. The current study therefore assesses the efficacy of a French language self-help treatment including three motivational telephone interviews spread over an 11-week period and a cognitive-behavioral self-help workbook. At-risk and pathological gamblers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 31) or the waiting list (n = 31). Relative to the waiting list, the treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of DSM-5 gambling disorder criteria met, gambling habits, and gambling consequences at Week 11. Perceived self-efficacy and life satisfaction also significantly improved after 11 weeks for the treatment group, but not for the waiting list group. At Week 11, 13% of participants had dropped out of the study. All significant changes reported for the treatment group were maintained throughout 1, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Results support the efficacy of the self-help treatment to reduce problem gambling severity, gambling behaviour and to improve overall functioning among a sample of French Canadian problem gamblers over short, medium and long term. Findings from this study lend support to the appropriateness of self-help treatments for problem gamblers and help clarify inconsistencies found in the literature. The low dropout rate is discussed with respect to the advantages of the self-help format. Clinical and methodological implications of the results are put forth.";"Efficacy of a Self-Help Treatment for At-Risk and Pathological Gamblers";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9717-z";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Boudreault, 2018";NA +"33";"Carlbring, 2010";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,962549160441892;0,637987325120848;"msd";"gambling";"duration";"duration";1468,8;1155,64;5;434;591,7;4;NA;NA;2010;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"40.5";0,16;1;1;0;1;3;"Carlbring, P., Jonsson, J., Josephson, H., & Forsberg, L. (2010). Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(2), 92-103.";"10.1080/16506070903190245";"Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150 primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control. Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and 6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time. Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome and compliance.";"Motivational Interviewing Versus Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16506070903190245";"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ";"Carlbring, 2010";NA +"34";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"ind";"wl";-1,06507991567754;0,380026722026754;"msd";"gambling";"duration";"duration";45;83;12;265;245;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"35";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"grp";"wl";-0,851084311467346;0,348901302817836;"msd";"gambling";"duration";"duration";98;72;15;265;245;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"grp";"grp";"au";"43.6";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"36";"Ladouceur, 2001";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,732873456582666;0,256374587968511;"msd";"gambling";"duration";"duration";43;187;35;229;311;29;NA;NA;2001;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"42";0,17;0;0;0;0;0;"Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., Leblond, J., & Jacques, C. (2001). Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(11), 774-780.";"10.1097/00005053-200111000-00007";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive treatment package for pathological gambling. Sixty-six gamblers, meeting DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control conditions. Cognitive correction techniques were used first to target gamblers' erroneous perceptions about randomness and then to address issues of relapse prevention. The dependent measures used were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the number of DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling met by participants, as well as gamblers' perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, and desire to gamble. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed, focusing on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions toward the notion of randomness.";"Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling";"https://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Fulltext/2001/11000/Cognitive_Treatment_of_Pathological_Gambling.7.aspx";"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease";"Ladouceur, 2001";NA +"37";"Wong, 2015";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,141486239976643;0,350482973401764;"msd";"gambling";"duration";"duration";2,47;1,73;15;2,8;2,68;16;NA;NA;2015;"10";"post";"grp";"grp";"eas";"NA";0;0;0;0;1;1;"Wong, D. F. K., Chung, C. L. P., Wu, J., Tang, J., & Lau, P. (2015). A preliminary study of an integrated and culturally attuned cognitive behavioral group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(3), 1015-1027.";"10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Chinese people may have a higher rate of gambling problems than other cultural groups. However, there are very few clinical outcome studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of clinical interventions for helping Chinese gamblers. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective for helping problem gamblers to significantly reduce their gambling problems in western countries. Very few CBT clinical trials have been conducted with the Chinese populations, and the results were masked by methodological limitations. This preliminary study attempted to test the effectiveness of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. This study adopted a randomized control design and 38 participants were allocated randomly to the experimental condition (n = 18) and control condition (n = 20). The experimental group received 10 weekly CBT group sessions and individual counseling services while control group only received the individual counseling services. Significant decreases in gambling severity and frequencies of gambling were found in the experimental group. The findings also showed that a change in gambling cognitions predicted the changes in gambling severity and gambling urge while a change in gambling severity was also linked to a change in depression. Preliminary evidence highlights the potential benefits of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. However, a more vigorous research design with a larger sample is needed to provide solid evidence of the effectiveness of the model for Chinese problem gamblers.";"A Preliminary Study of an Integrated and Culturally Attuned Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment for Chinese Problem Gamblers in Hong Kong";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Wong, 2015";NA +"38";"Abbott, 2018";"cbt";"cau";"wb + telephone";"cau";-0,0229321034828201;0,146018833171357;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";3,1;4,04;87;3,2;4,59;100;NA;NA;2018;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"39.200000000000003";0,53;1;1;1;1;4;"Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Palmer Du Preez, K., Landon, J., ... & Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(5), 883-895.";"10.1111/add.14149";"Background and aims: Problem gambling is a significant public health issue world-wide. There is substantial investment in publicly funded intervention services, but limited evaluation of effectiveness. This study investigated three brief telephone interventions to determine whether they were more effective than standard helpline treatment in helping people to reduce gambling. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: National gambling helpline in New Zealand. Participants: A total of 462 adults with problem gambling. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR: (1) Single motivational interview (MI), (2) single motivational interview plus cognitive-behavioural self-help workbook (MI + W) and (3) single motivational interview plus workbook plus four booster follow-up telephone interviews (MI + W + B). Comparator was helpline standard care [treatment as usual (TAU)]. Blinded follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Measurements: Primary outcomes were days gambled, dollars lost per day and treatment goal success. Findings: There were no differences across treatment arms, although participants showed large reductions in gambling during the 12-month follow-up period [mean reduction of 5.5 days, confidence interval (CI) = 4.8, 6.2; NZ$38 lost ($32, $44; 80.6%), improved (77.2%, 84.0%)]. Subgroup analysis revealed improved days gambled and dollars lost for MI + W + B over MI or MI + W for a goal of reduction of gambling (versus quitting) and improvement in dollars lost by ethnicity, gambling severity and psychological distress (all P < 0.01). MI + W + B was associated with greater treatment goal success for higher gambling severity than TAU or MI at 12 months and also better for those with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy to MI (all P < 0.01). TAU and MI were found to be equivalent in terms of dollars lost. Conclusions: In treatment of problem gambling in New Zealand, brief telephone interventions are associated with changes in days gambling and dollars lost similar to more intensive interventions, suggesting that more treatment is not necessarily better than less. Some client subgroups, in particular those with greater problem severity and greater distress, achieve better outcomes when they receive more intensive treatment.";"Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14149";"Addiction";"Abbott, 2018";NA +"39";"Abbott, 2018";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";0,0603237442429514;0,14162890578167;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";3,5;5,3;98;3,2;4,59;100;NA;NA;2018;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"39.200000000000003";0,53;1;1;1;1;4;"Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Palmer Du Preez, K., Landon, J., ... & Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(5), 883-895.";"10.1111/add.14149";"Background and aims: Problem gambling is a significant public health issue world-wide. There is substantial investment in publicly funded intervention services, but limited evaluation of effectiveness. This study investigated three brief telephone interventions to determine whether they were more effective than standard helpline treatment in helping people to reduce gambling. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: National gambling helpline in New Zealand. Participants: A total of 462 adults with problem gambling. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR: (1) Single motivational interview (MI), (2) single motivational interview plus cognitive-behavioural self-help workbook (MI + W) and (3) single motivational interview plus workbook plus four booster follow-up telephone interviews (MI + W + B). Comparator was helpline standard care [treatment as usual (TAU)]. Blinded follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Measurements: Primary outcomes were days gambled, dollars lost per day and treatment goal success. Findings: There were no differences across treatment arms, although participants showed large reductions in gambling during the 12-month follow-up period [mean reduction of 5.5 days, confidence interval (CI) = 4.8, 6.2; NZ$38 lost ($32, $44; 80.6%), improved (77.2%, 84.0%)]. Subgroup analysis revealed improved days gambled and dollars lost for MI + W + B over MI or MI + W for a goal of reduction of gambling (versus quitting) and improvement in dollars lost by ethnicity, gambling severity and psychological distress (all P < 0.01). MI + W + B was associated with greater treatment goal success for higher gambling severity than TAU or MI at 12 months and also better for those with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy to MI (all P < 0.01). TAU and MI were found to be equivalent in terms of dollars lost. Conclusions: In treatment of problem gambling in New Zealand, brief telephone interventions are associated with changes in days gambling and dollars lost similar to more intensive interventions, suggesting that more treatment is not necessarily better than less. Some client subgroups, in particular those with greater problem severity and greater distress, achieve better outcomes when they receive more intensive treatment.";"Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14149";"Addiction";"Abbott, 2018";NA +"40";"Abbott, 2018";"cbt";"cau";"wb + telephone";"cau";-0,0806857980385137;0,162092424694805;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";2,7;3,27;73;3;4,06;78;NA;NA;2018;"36";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"au";"39.200000000000003";0,53;1;1;1;1;4;"Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Palmer Du Preez, K., Landon, J., ... & Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(5), 883-895.";"10.1111/add.14149";"Background and aims: Problem gambling is a significant public health issue world-wide. There is substantial investment in publicly funded intervention services, but limited evaluation of effectiveness. This study investigated three brief telephone interventions to determine whether they were more effective than standard helpline treatment in helping people to reduce gambling. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: National gambling helpline in New Zealand. Participants: A total of 462 adults with problem gambling. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR: (1) Single motivational interview (MI), (2) single motivational interview plus cognitive-behavioural self-help workbook (MI + W) and (3) single motivational interview plus workbook plus four booster follow-up telephone interviews (MI + W + B). Comparator was helpline standard care [treatment as usual (TAU)]. Blinded follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Measurements: Primary outcomes were days gambled, dollars lost per day and treatment goal success. Findings: There were no differences across treatment arms, although participants showed large reductions in gambling during the 12-month follow-up period [mean reduction of 5.5 days, confidence interval (CI) = 4.8, 6.2; NZ$38 lost ($32, $44; 80.6%), improved (77.2%, 84.0%)]. Subgroup analysis revealed improved days gambled and dollars lost for MI + W + B over MI or MI + W for a goal of reduction of gambling (versus quitting) and improvement in dollars lost by ethnicity, gambling severity and psychological distress (all P < 0.01). MI + W + B was associated with greater treatment goal success for higher gambling severity than TAU or MI at 12 months and also better for those with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy to MI (all P < 0.01). TAU and MI were found to be equivalent in terms of dollars lost. Conclusions: In treatment of problem gambling in New Zealand, brief telephone interventions are associated with changes in days gambling and dollars lost similar to more intensive interventions, suggesting that more treatment is not necessarily better than less. Some client subgroups, in particular those with greater problem severity and greater distress, achieve better outcomes when they receive more intensive treatment.";"Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14149";"Addiction";"Abbott, 2018";NA +"41";"Abbott, 2018";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";0,0463828668315715;0,15936867586977;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";3,2;4,51;78;3;4,06;78;NA;NA;2018;"36";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"au";"39.200000000000003";0,53;1;1;1;1;4;"Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Palmer Du Preez, K., Landon, J., ... & Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(5), 883-895.";"10.1111/add.14149";"Background and aims: Problem gambling is a significant public health issue world-wide. There is substantial investment in publicly funded intervention services, but limited evaluation of effectiveness. This study investigated three brief telephone interventions to determine whether they were more effective than standard helpline treatment in helping people to reduce gambling. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: National gambling helpline in New Zealand. Participants: A total of 462 adults with problem gambling. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR: (1) Single motivational interview (MI), (2) single motivational interview plus cognitive-behavioural self-help workbook (MI + W) and (3) single motivational interview plus workbook plus four booster follow-up telephone interviews (MI + W + B). Comparator was helpline standard care [treatment as usual (TAU)]. Blinded follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Measurements: Primary outcomes were days gambled, dollars lost per day and treatment goal success. Findings: There were no differences across treatment arms, although participants showed large reductions in gambling during the 12-month follow-up period [mean reduction of 5.5 days, confidence interval (CI) = 4.8, 6.2; NZ$38 lost ($32, $44; 80.6%), improved (77.2%, 84.0%)]. Subgroup analysis revealed improved days gambled and dollars lost for MI + W + B over MI or MI + W for a goal of reduction of gambling (versus quitting) and improvement in dollars lost by ethnicity, gambling severity and psychological distress (all P < 0.01). MI + W + B was associated with greater treatment goal success for higher gambling severity than TAU or MI at 12 months and also better for those with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy to MI (all P < 0.01). TAU and MI were found to be equivalent in terms of dollars lost. Conclusions: In treatment of problem gambling in New Zealand, brief telephone interventions are associated with changes in days gambling and dollars lost similar to more intensive interventions, suggesting that more treatment is not necessarily better than less. Some client subgroups, in particular those with greater problem severity and greater distress, achieve better outcomes when they receive more intensive treatment.";"Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14149";"Addiction";"Abbott, 2018";NA +"42";"Boudreault, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,753874363099902;0,277857591033091;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";3,48;4,26;27;9,27;9,82;27;NA;NA;2018;"11";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"51.5";0,39;1;0;0;1;2;"Boudreault, C., Giroux, I., Jacques, C., Goulet, A., Simoneau, H., & Ladouceur, R. (2018). Efficacy of a self-help treatment for at-risk and pathological gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 561-580.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9717-z";"Available evidence suggests that self-help treatments may reduce problem gambling severity but inconsistencies of results across clinical trials leave the extent of their benefits unclear. Moreover, no self-help treatment has yet been validated within a French Canadian setting. The current study therefore assesses the efficacy of a French language self-help treatment including three motivational telephone interviews spread over an 11-week period and a cognitive-behavioral self-help workbook. At-risk and pathological gamblers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 31) or the waiting list (n = 31). Relative to the waiting list, the treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of DSM-5 gambling disorder criteria met, gambling habits, and gambling consequences at Week 11. Perceived self-efficacy and life satisfaction also significantly improved after 11 weeks for the treatment group, but not for the waiting list group. At Week 11, 13% of participants had dropped out of the study. All significant changes reported for the treatment group were maintained throughout 1, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Results support the efficacy of the self-help treatment to reduce problem gambling severity, gambling behaviour and to improve overall functioning among a sample of French Canadian problem gamblers over short, medium and long term. Findings from this study lend support to the appropriateness of self-help treatments for problem gamblers and help clarify inconsistencies found in the literature. The low dropout rate is discussed with respect to the advantages of the self-help format. Clinical and methodological implications of the results are put forth.";"Efficacy of a Self-Help Treatment for At-Risk and Pathological Gamblers";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9717-z";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Boudreault, 2018";NA +"43";"Carlbring, 2010";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0;0,565266863719195;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";10;10,14;8;10;14,1;4;NA;NA;2010;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"40.5";0,16;1;1;0;1;3;"Carlbring, P., Jonsson, J., Josephson, H., & Forsberg, L. (2010). Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(2), 92-103.";"10.1080/16506070903190245";"Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150 primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control. Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and 6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time. Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome and compliance.";"Motivational Interviewing Versus Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16506070903190245";"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ";"Carlbring, 2010";NA +"44";"Casey, 2017";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,693763906713955;0,257822200113952;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";1,58;1,38;24;2,91;2,12;44;NA;NA;2017;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44.5";0,58;1;0;0;0;1;"Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., Horrigan, K., Day, J., Ireland, M., & Clough, B. A. (2017). Internet-based delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy compared to monitoring, feedback and support for problem gambling: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of gambling studies, 33(3), 993-1010.";"10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.";"Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring, Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Casey, 2017";NA +"45";"Cunningham, 2019";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,0763760147349928;0,119980287963933;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";9,71;7,72;129;9,12;7,69;149;NA;NA;2019;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"36.5";0,55;1;1;0;1;3;"Cunningham, J. A., Godinho, A., & Hodgins, D. C. (2019). Pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for problem gamblers. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100175.";"10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100175";"Introduction +This pilot randomized controlled trial sought to evaluate whether an online intervention for problem gambling could lead to improved gambling outcomes compared to a no intervention control. Participants were recruited through a crowdsourcing platform. Methods +Participants were recruited to complete an online survey about their gambling through the Mechanical Turk platform. Those who scored 5 or more on the Problem Gambling Severity Index and were thinking about quitting or reducing their gambling were invited to complete 6-week and 6-month follow-ups. Each potential participant who agreed was sent a unique password. Participants who used their password to log onto the study portal were randomized to either access an online intervention for gambling or to a no intervention control. Results +A total of 321 participants were recruited, of which 87% and 88% were followed-up at 6 weeks and 6 months, respectively. Outcome analyses revealed that, while there were reductions in gambling from baseline to follow-ups, there was no significant observable impact of the online gambling intervention, as compared to a no intervention control condition. Conclusions +While the current trial observed no impact of the intervention, replication is merited with a larger sample size, and with participants who are not recruited through a crowdsourcing platform.";"Pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for problem gamblers";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853219300252";"Addictive Behaviors Reports";"Cunningham, 2019";NA +"46";"Cunningham, 2019";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,0998218999341146;0,119442814736421;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";7,86;7,66;127;7,09;7,72;155;NA;NA;2019;"18";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"can";"36.5";0,55;1;1;0;1;3;"Cunningham, J. A., Godinho, A., & Hodgins, D. C. (2019). Pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for problem gamblers. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100175.";"10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100175";"Introduction +This pilot randomized controlled trial sought to evaluate whether an online intervention for problem gambling could lead to improved gambling outcomes compared to a no intervention control. Participants were recruited through a crowdsourcing platform. Methods +Participants were recruited to complete an online survey about their gambling through the Mechanical Turk platform. Those who scored 5 or more on the Problem Gambling Severity Index and were thinking about quitting or reducing their gambling were invited to complete 6-week and 6-month follow-ups. Each potential participant who agreed was sent a unique password. Participants who used their password to log onto the study portal were randomized to either access an online intervention for gambling or to a no intervention control. Results +A total of 321 participants were recruited, of which 87% and 88% were followed-up at 6 weeks and 6 months, respectively. Outcome analyses revealed that, while there were reductions in gambling from baseline to follow-ups, there was no significant observable impact of the online gambling intervention, as compared to a no intervention control condition. Conclusions +While the current trial observed no impact of the intervention, replication is merited with a larger sample size, and with participants who are not recruited through a crowdsourcing platform.";"Pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for problem gamblers";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853219300252";"Addictive Behaviors Reports";"Cunningham, 2019";NA +"47";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"ind";"wl";-1,26644385050317;0,389558736841667;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";0,4;0,5;12;2;1,5;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"48";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"grp";"wl";-0,876604540008169;0,349802788355625;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";0,9;0,7;15;2;1,5;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"grp";"grp";"au";"43.6";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"49";"Harris, 2016";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,06590399830218;0,387361526144519;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";4,43;4,8;15;10,71;6,58;14;NA;NA;2016;"8";"post";"grp";"grp";"can";"34.200000000000003";0,47;0;0;0;1;1;"Harris, N., & Mazmanian, D. (2016). Cognitive behavioural group therapy for problem gamblers who gamble over the internet: A controlled study. Journal of Gambling Issues, 33, 170-188.";"10.4309/jgi.2016.33.10";"Several studies have found higher rates of problem gambling among Internet gamblers than non-Internet gamblers. Because of easy access and convenience, along with other gaming characteristics, many researchers in the field have advanced the argument that Internet gambling is potentially more addictive and problematic than land-based gambling activities. However, research examining the efficacy of treatments for problem gamblers who gamble over the Internet has not yet been conducted. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of group cognitive behavioural therapy for self-identified problem Internet gamblers. (n = 16) or wait list (delayed treatment) comparison group (n = 16). Results indicated that the treatment was efficacious in improving three of the four dependent variables from pre- to post-test/treatment: number of DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling endorsed, perception of control over gambling, and number of sessions gambled. No significant pre- to post-test/treatment difference was found between groups on desire to gamble. Groups were combined to examine treatment outcome over time, with results showing significant pre- to post-treatment and pre- to three-month post-treatment improvement for all four dependent variables.";"Cognitive behavioural group therapy for problem gamblers who gamble over the internet: A controlled study";"https://cdspress.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Nicholas-Harris-Dwight-Mazmanian.pdf";"Journal of Gambling Issues";"Harris, 2016";NA +"50";"Hodgins, 2001";"cbt";"wl";"mi";"wl";-0,273060898521179;0,246531976983723;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";4,3;4,9;31;6;7,1;34;NA;NA;2001;"12";"post";"ind";"ush";"can";"46";0,52;0;0;0;0;0;"Hodgins, D. C., Currie, S. R., & el-Guebaly, N. (2001). Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 50-57.";"10.1037/0022-006X.69.1.50";"Two brief treatments for problem gambling were compared with a waiting-list control in a randomized trial. Eighty-four percent of participants (N = 102) reported a significant reduction in gambling over a 12-month follow-up period. Participants who received a motivational enhancement telephone intervention and a self-help workbook in the mail, but not those who received the workbook only, had better outcomes than participants in a 1-month waiting-list control. Participants who received the motivational interview and workbook showed better outcomes than those receiving the workbook only at 3-and 6-month follow-ups. At the 12-month follow-up, the advantage of the motivational interview and workbook condition was found only for participants with less severe gambling problems. Overall, these results support the effectiveness of a brief telephone and mail-based treatment for problem gambling.";"Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-14541-006";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Hodgins, 2001";NA +"51";"Hodgins, 2001";"cbt";"wl";"wb";"wl";-0,203298195659059;0,242173256970371;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";4,7;5,4;33;6;7,1;34;NA;NA;2001;"12";"post";"ind";"ush";"can";"46";0,52;0;0;0;0;0;"Hodgins, D. C., Currie, S. R., & el-Guebaly, N. (2001). Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 50-57.";"10.1037/0022-006X.69.1.50";"Two brief treatments for problem gambling were compared with a waiting-list control in a randomized trial. Eighty-four percent of participants (N = 102) reported a significant reduction in gambling over a 12-month follow-up period. Participants who received a motivational enhancement telephone intervention and a self-help workbook in the mail, but not those who received the workbook only, had better outcomes than participants in a 1-month waiting-list control. Participants who received the motivational interview and workbook showed better outcomes than those receiving the workbook only at 3-and 6-month follow-ups. At the 12-month follow-up, the advantage of the motivational interview and workbook condition was found only for participants with less severe gambling problems. Overall, these results support the effectiveness of a brief telephone and mail-based treatment for problem gambling.";"Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-14541-006";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Hodgins, 2001";NA +"52";"LaBrie, 2012";"cbt";"wl";"nv-gt";"wl";-0,342479111497927;0,189926112216895;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";9;7,41;55;11,8;8,76;56;NA;NA;2012;"4";"post";"ind";"gsh";"us";"43.5";0,5;1;0;0;0;1;"LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 278-289.";"10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x";"Two studies conducted in Massachusetts and Nevada evaluated the efficacy of a self‐help toolkit for problem gambling. Individuals concerned about gambling‐related problems, in response to public notices and newspaper advertisements, volunteered for a randomized trial of the self‐help toolkit, Your First Step to Change: Gambling. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a printed toolkit, (b) the toolkit and a brief guide to the toolkit’s content, or (c) assignment to a wait‐list condition. Participants, 145 in Massachusetts and 170 in Nevada, reported their gambling behavior, beliefs and attitudes about chance, and recent and planned help seeking at baseline, 88% at 1 month later, and 79% at 3 months later. Findings for the complete and intent‐to‐treat analyses at both sites indicated that participants significantly improved. At the end of the study period, significantly more toolkit recipients than control group participants reported recently abstaining from gambling. Minimally invasive, self‐directed resources like this self‐help toolkit can assist remediating gambling‐related problems among gamblers who do not engage in formal treatment. ";"A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: A randomized multisite trial.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-10324-014";"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry";"LaBrie, 2012";NA +"53";"LaBrie, 2012";"cbt";"wl";"nv-t";"wl";-0,0840158755575795;0,185406230811765;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";11,1;7,79;59;11,8;8,76;56;NA;NA;2012;"4";"post";"ind";"ush";"us";"44";0,47;1;0;0;0;1;"LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 278-289.";"10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x";"Two studies conducted in Massachusetts and Nevada evaluated the efficacy of a self‐help toolkit for problem gambling. Individuals concerned about gambling‐related problems, in response to public notices and newspaper advertisements, volunteered for a randomized trial of the self‐help toolkit, Your First Step to Change: Gambling. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a printed toolkit, (b) the toolkit and a brief guide to the toolkit’s content, or (c) assignment to a wait‐list condition. Participants, 145 in Massachusetts and 170 in Nevada, reported their gambling behavior, beliefs and attitudes about chance, and recent and planned help seeking at baseline, 88% at 1 month later, and 79% at 3 months later. Findings for the complete and intent‐to‐treat analyses at both sites indicated that participants significantly improved. At the end of the study period, significantly more toolkit recipients than control group participants reported recently abstaining from gambling. Minimally invasive, self‐directed resources like this self‐help toolkit can assist remediating gambling‐related problems among gamblers who do not engage in formal treatment. ";"A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: A randomized multisite trial.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-10324-014";"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry";"LaBrie, 2012";NA +"54";"LaBrie, 2012";"cbt";"wl";"ma-gt";"wl";-0,280586579654376;0,203676266744295;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";14,2;10,2;50;17,1;10,31;46;NA;NA;2012;"4";"post";"ind";"gsh";"us";"48.4";0,33;1;0;0;0;1;"LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 278-289.";"10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x";"Two studies conducted in Massachusetts and Nevada evaluated the efficacy of a self‐help toolkit for problem gambling. Individuals concerned about gambling‐related problems, in response to public notices and newspaper advertisements, volunteered for a randomized trial of the self‐help toolkit, Your First Step to Change: Gambling. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a printed toolkit, (b) the toolkit and a brief guide to the toolkit’s content, or (c) assignment to a wait‐list condition. Participants, 145 in Massachusetts and 170 in Nevada, reported their gambling behavior, beliefs and attitudes about chance, and recent and planned help seeking at baseline, 88% at 1 month later, and 79% at 3 months later. Findings for the complete and intent‐to‐treat analyses at both sites indicated that participants significantly improved. At the end of the study period, significantly more toolkit recipients than control group participants reported recently abstaining from gambling. Minimally invasive, self‐directed resources like this self‐help toolkit can assist remediating gambling‐related problems among gamblers who do not engage in formal treatment. ";"A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: A randomized multisite trial.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-10324-014";"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry";"LaBrie, 2012";NA +"55";"LaBrie, 2012";"cbt";"wl";"ma-t";"wl";-0,126647173795788;0,203845138942673;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";15,8;10,06;49;17,1;10,31;46;NA;NA;2012;"4";"post";"ind";"ush";"us";"49";0,32;1;0;0;0;1;"LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 278-289.";"10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x";"Two studies conducted in Massachusetts and Nevada evaluated the efficacy of a self‐help toolkit for problem gambling. Individuals concerned about gambling‐related problems, in response to public notices and newspaper advertisements, volunteered for a randomized trial of the self‐help toolkit, Your First Step to Change: Gambling. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a printed toolkit, (b) the toolkit and a brief guide to the toolkit’s content, or (c) assignment to a wait‐list condition. Participants, 145 in Massachusetts and 170 in Nevada, reported their gambling behavior, beliefs and attitudes about chance, and recent and planned help seeking at baseline, 88% at 1 month later, and 79% at 3 months later. Findings for the complete and intent‐to‐treat analyses at both sites indicated that participants significantly improved. At the end of the study period, significantly more toolkit recipients than control group participants reported recently abstaining from gambling. Minimally invasive, self‐directed resources like this self‐help toolkit can assist remediating gambling‐related problems among gamblers who do not engage in formal treatment. ";"A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: A randomized multisite trial.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-10324-014";"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry";"LaBrie, 2012";NA +"56";"LaBrie, 2012";"cbt";"wl";"nv-gt";"wl";-0,537982682402936;0,191956515620076;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";6,6;6,83;55;10,6;7,89;56;NA;NA;2012;"8";"follow up";"ind";"gsh";"us";"43.5";0,5;1;0;0;0;1;"LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 278-289.";"10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x";"Two studies conducted in Massachusetts and Nevada evaluated the efficacy of a self‐help toolkit for problem gambling. Individuals concerned about gambling‐related problems, in response to public notices and newspaper advertisements, volunteered for a randomized trial of the self‐help toolkit, Your First Step to Change: Gambling. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a printed toolkit, (b) the toolkit and a brief guide to the toolkit’s content, or (c) assignment to a wait‐list condition. Participants, 145 in Massachusetts and 170 in Nevada, reported their gambling behavior, beliefs and attitudes about chance, and recent and planned help seeking at baseline, 88% at 1 month later, and 79% at 3 months later. Findings for the complete and intent‐to‐treat analyses at both sites indicated that participants significantly improved. At the end of the study period, significantly more toolkit recipients than control group participants reported recently abstaining from gambling. Minimally invasive, self‐directed resources like this self‐help toolkit can assist remediating gambling‐related problems among gamblers who do not engage in formal treatment. ";"A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: A randomized multisite trial.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-10324-014";"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry";"LaBrie, 2012";NA +"57";"LaBrie, 2012";"cbt";"wl";"nv-t";"wl";-0,220375234894953;0,185892263962913;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";8,8;8,32;59;10,6;7,89;56;NA;NA;2012;"8";"follow up";"ind";"ush";"us";"44";0,47;1;0;0;0;1;"LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 278-289.";"10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x";"Two studies conducted in Massachusetts and Nevada evaluated the efficacy of a self‐help toolkit for problem gambling. Individuals concerned about gambling‐related problems, in response to public notices and newspaper advertisements, volunteered for a randomized trial of the self‐help toolkit, Your First Step to Change: Gambling. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a printed toolkit, (b) the toolkit and a brief guide to the toolkit’s content, or (c) assignment to a wait‐list condition. Participants, 145 in Massachusetts and 170 in Nevada, reported their gambling behavior, beliefs and attitudes about chance, and recent and planned help seeking at baseline, 88% at 1 month later, and 79% at 3 months later. Findings for the complete and intent‐to‐treat analyses at both sites indicated that participants significantly improved. At the end of the study period, significantly more toolkit recipients than control group participants reported recently abstaining from gambling. Minimally invasive, self‐directed resources like this self‐help toolkit can assist remediating gambling‐related problems among gamblers who do not engage in formal treatment. ";"A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: A randomized multisite trial.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-10324-014";"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry";"LaBrie, 2012";NA +"58";"LaBrie, 2012";"cbt";"wl";"ma-gt";"wl";-0,329050105122697;0,204053675752273;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";12,9;11,1;50;16,4;9,92;46;NA;NA;2012;"8";"follow up";"ind";"gsh";"us";"48.4";0,33;1;0;0;0;1;"LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 278-289.";"10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x";"Two studies conducted in Massachusetts and Nevada evaluated the efficacy of a self‐help toolkit for problem gambling. Individuals concerned about gambling‐related problems, in response to public notices and newspaper advertisements, volunteered for a randomized trial of the self‐help toolkit, Your First Step to Change: Gambling. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a printed toolkit, (b) the toolkit and a brief guide to the toolkit’s content, or (c) assignment to a wait‐list condition. Participants, 145 in Massachusetts and 170 in Nevada, reported their gambling behavior, beliefs and attitudes about chance, and recent and planned help seeking at baseline, 88% at 1 month later, and 79% at 3 months later. Findings for the complete and intent‐to‐treat analyses at both sites indicated that participants significantly improved. At the end of the study period, significantly more toolkit recipients than control group participants reported recently abstaining from gambling. Minimally invasive, self‐directed resources like this self‐help toolkit can assist remediating gambling‐related problems among gamblers who do not engage in formal treatment. ";"A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: A randomized multisite trial.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-10324-014";"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry";"LaBrie, 2012";NA +"59";"LaBrie, 2012";"cbt";"wl";"ma-t";"wl";-0,20374882444863;0,204173736702731;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";14,3;10,5;49;16,4;9,92;46;NA;NA;2012;"8";"follow up";"ind";"ush";"us";"49";0,32;1;0;0;0;1;"LaBrie, R. A., Peller, A. J., LaPlante, D. A., Bernhard, B., Harper, A., Schrier, T., & Shaffer, H. J. (2012). A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: a randomized multisite trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 278-289.";"10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01157.x";"Two studies conducted in Massachusetts and Nevada evaluated the efficacy of a self‐help toolkit for problem gambling. Individuals concerned about gambling‐related problems, in response to public notices and newspaper advertisements, volunteered for a randomized trial of the self‐help toolkit, Your First Step to Change: Gambling. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a printed toolkit, (b) the toolkit and a brief guide to the toolkit’s content, or (c) assignment to a wait‐list condition. Participants, 145 in Massachusetts and 170 in Nevada, reported their gambling behavior, beliefs and attitudes about chance, and recent and planned help seeking at baseline, 88% at 1 month later, and 79% at 3 months later. Findings for the complete and intent‐to‐treat analyses at both sites indicated that participants significantly improved. At the end of the study period, significantly more toolkit recipients than control group participants reported recently abstaining from gambling. Minimally invasive, self‐directed resources like this self‐help toolkit can assist remediating gambling‐related problems among gamblers who do not engage in formal treatment. ";"A brief self-help toolkit intervention for gambling problems: A randomized multisite trial.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-10324-014";"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry";"LaBrie, 2012";NA +"60";"Ladouceur, 2001";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,597761041036765;0,253620498302659;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";0,5;1,4;35;1,8;2,8;29;NA;NA;2001;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"42";0,17;0;0;0;0;0;"Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., Leblond, J., & Jacques, C. (2001). Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(11), 774-780.";"10.1097/00005053-200111000-00007";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive treatment package for pathological gambling. Sixty-six gamblers, meeting DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control conditions. Cognitive correction techniques were used first to target gamblers' erroneous perceptions about randomness and then to address issues of relapse prevention. The dependent measures used were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the number of DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling met by participants, as well as gamblers' perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, and desire to gamble. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed, focusing on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions toward the notion of randomness.";"Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling";"https://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Fulltext/2001/11000/Cognitive_Treatment_of_Pathological_Gambling.7.aspx";"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease";"Ladouceur, 2001";NA +"61";"Larimer, 2012";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,322764141488287;0,239174961031505;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";3,29;1,63;30;3,93;2,17;41;NA;NA;2012;"10";"follow up";"comb";"comb";"us";"21.23";0,35;0;0;0;1;1;"Larimer, M. E., Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Whiteside, U., Cronce, J. M., Kaysen, D., & Walker, D. D. (2012). Brief motivational feedback and cognitive behavioral interventions for prevention of disordered gambling: A randomized clinical trial. Addiction, 107(6), 1148-1158.";"10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03776.x";"Aims: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of two promising approaches to indicated prevention of disordered gambling in a college population. Design: Randomized clinical trial with assignment to a personalized feedback intervention (PFI), cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI) or assessment-only control (AOC). PFI was delivered individually in a single session and included feedback regarding gambling behavior, norms, consequences and risk-reduction tips, delivered in a motivational interviewing style. CBI was delivered in small groups over four to six sessions and included functional analysis and brief cognitive correction, as well as identification of and alternatives for responding to gambling triggers. Setting: College campus. Participants: At-risk or probable pathological gamblers (n = 147; 65.3% male; group assignment: PFI, n = 52; CBI, n = 44; AOC, n = 51). Measurements: Self-reported gambling quantity, frequency, consequences, psychopathology, normative perceptions and beliefs. Findings: Relative to control, results at 6-month follow-up indicated reductions in both interventions for gambling consequences (PFI d = 0.48; CBI d = 0.39) and DSM-IV criteria (PFI d = 0.60; CBI d = 0.48), reductions in frequency for PFI (d = 0.48). CBI was associated with reduced illusions of control, whereas PFI was associated with reduced perceptions of gambling frequency norms. Reductions in perceived gambling frequency norms mediated effects of PFI on gambling frequency. Conclusions: A single-session personalized feedback intervention and a multi-session cognitive-behavioral intervention may be helpful in reducing disordered gambling in US college students.";"Brief motivational feedback and cognitive behavioral interventions for prevention of disordered gambling: a randomized clinical trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03776.x";"Addiction";"Larimer, 2012";NA +"62";"Marceaux, 2011";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,38825543376814;0,487559192428892;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";0,67;1,29;15;3,56;3,08;7;NA;NA;2011;"8";"post";"grp";"grp";"us";"49";0,62;0;0;0;0;0;"Marceaux, J. C., & Melville, C. L. (2011). Twelve-step facilitated versus mapping-enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gambling: A controlled study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(1), 171-190.";"10.1007/s10899-010-9196-y";"This study examined the efficacy of two group treatments for pathological gambling, a node-link mapping-enhanced cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT-mapping) and twelve-step facilitated (TSF) group treatment. Forty-nine participants meeting criteria for pathological gambling were recruited from local newspaper advertisements. These participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: TSF (n = 11), CBGT-mapping (n = 18), and Wait-List control (n = 9); 11 refused treatment prior to randomization. Outcome measures included number of DSM-IV criteria met, perception of control/self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and frequency of gambling episodes. Analyses revealed a significant treatment group × time interaction (η²partial = .39). Specifically, the group treatments resulted in significant improvements in the dependent measures, while the Wait-List group remained relatively stable. Overall, CBGT-mapping and TSF had no significant differences on any outcome measure at follow-up assessments. Analysis of post-treatment and 6-month follow-up reveal a significant improvement in gambling outcomes (i.e., fewer DSM-IV criteria met, greater self-efficacy, and fewer gambling episodes (η²partial = .35), with treatment gains maintained at 6 months. These results are consistent with previous research for group treatment for pathological gambling and provide support for the utility of TSF and a mapping-based CBT therapy as viable intervention for pathological gambling.";"Twelve-Step Facilitated Versus Mapping-Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pathological Gambling: A Controlled Study";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-010-9196-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Marceaux, 2011";NA +"63";"Oei, 2010";"cbt";"wl";"ind";"wl";-1,78947822863663;0,293058082464504;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";2,75;1,84;37;6,64;2,5;28;NA;NA;2010;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"43.4";0,41;1;0;0;0;1;"Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., & Casey, L. M. (2010). Effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment program for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(2), 233-238.";"10.1017/S1352465809990701";"Background: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) program for problem gamblers (PGs) using a randomized controlled design. Method: One hundred and two PGs were randomly assigned to individual or group CBT conditions. Twenty-eight of these participants were randomly allocated to a 6-week waitlist control condition prior to receiving the designated treatment. Results: At post-treatment, there were significant improvements in all dependent variables (frequency and amount gambled, gambling urges, gambling cognitions, negative psychological states, and life satisfaction) for both the treatment conditions but not for the waitlist condition. Individuals that completed the individual (compared to group) treatment condition generally had higher effect sizes for gambling correlates. Therapeutic gains for gambling correlates were generally maintained at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: A combined motivational interviewing and CBT program applied in group or individual format can improve PG behaviors, as well as gambling correlates.";"Effectiveness of Group and Individual Formats of a Combined Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Program for Problem Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioural-and-cognitive-psychotherapy/article/abs/effectiveness-of-group-and-individual-formats-of-a-combined-motivational-interviewing-and-cognitive-behavioral-treatment-program-for-problem-gambling-a-randomized-controlled-trial/2385704CA941CA8A83223DCE2EE66B40";"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy";"Oei, 2010";NA +"64";"Oei, 2010";"cbt";"wl";"grp";"wl";-1,59617509574113;0,284339149692352;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";2,24;2,88;37;6,64;2,5;28;NA;NA;2010;"6";"post";"grp";"grp";"au";"46.4";0,41;1;0;0;0;1;"Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., & Casey, L. M. (2010). Effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment program for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(2), 233-238.";"10.1017/S1352465809990701";"Background: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) program for problem gamblers (PGs) using a randomized controlled design. Method: One hundred and two PGs were randomly assigned to individual or group CBT conditions. Twenty-eight of these participants were randomly allocated to a 6-week waitlist control condition prior to receiving the designated treatment. Results: At post-treatment, there were significant improvements in all dependent variables (frequency and amount gambled, gambling urges, gambling cognitions, negative psychological states, and life satisfaction) for both the treatment conditions but not for the waitlist condition. Individuals that completed the individual (compared to group) treatment condition generally had higher effect sizes for gambling correlates. Therapeutic gains for gambling correlates were generally maintained at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: A combined motivational interviewing and CBT program applied in group or individual format can improve PG behaviors, as well as gambling correlates.";"Effectiveness of Group and Individual Formats of a Combined Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Program for Problem Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioural-and-cognitive-psychotherapy/article/abs/effectiveness-of-group-and-individual-formats-of-a-combined-motivational-interviewing-and-cognitive-behavioral-treatment-program-for-problem-gambling-a-randomized-controlled-trial/2385704CA941CA8A83223DCE2EE66B40";"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy";"Oei, 2010";NA +"65";"Oei, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,23576704526377;0,29411104008253;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";2,61;2,04;23;5,16;2,03;32;NA;NA;2018;"7";"post";"ind";"ush";"au";"49.4";0,51;0;0;0;0;0;"Oei, T. P. S., Raylu, N., & Lai, W. W. (2018). Effectiveness of a self help cognitive behavioural treatment program for problem gamblers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 581-595.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"The study aimed to strengthen the scarce literature on self-help treatments for Problem Gambling (PG) by comparing the effectiveness of a Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (SHCBT) program (n = 23) with a 6-week Waitlist condition (n = 32) in problem gamblers. Participants were community volunteers with gambling problems and were randomly allocated to the Waitlist and treatment conditions. Results showed significant improvements at post-treatment in gambling behaviors including frequency of gambling, average amount gambled per day and PG symptoms as well as a number of gambling correlates including psychological states (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress), gambling cognitions, gambling urges, gambling related self-efficacy, satisfaction with life, and quality of life among those who completed the SHCBT program, when compared with the waitlist condition. The effect size (partial η 2) ranged from .25 to .57 for all assessed outcomes that showed significant improvement from pre- to post-treatment. It was concluded that a self-help CBT program can be beneficial for treating community problem gamblers.";"Effectiveness of a Self Help Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Program for Problem Gamblers: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Oei, 2018";NA +"66";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"f2f";"cau";-0,420713128985457;0,182927804633283;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";4,5;7,1;70;8;9,6;53;NA;NA;2006;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"45.2";0,46;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"67";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";-0,218071172428867;0,18041055819708;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";6,1;7,9;72;8;9,6;53;NA;NA;2006;"8";"post";"ind";"ush";"us";"44.3";0,47;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"68";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"f2f";"cau";-0,122942482855678;0,189972565081676;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";6;7,8;70;7;8,5;45;NA;NA;2006;"40";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"45.2";0,46;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"69";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";-0,139933984684308;0,192219198257764;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";5,9;7,3;66;7;8,5;45;NA;NA;2006;"40";"follow up";"ind";"ush";"us";"44.3";0,47;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"70";"Petry, 2009";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,116723122922506;0,287325259141114;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";8,9;8,7;18;9,9;8,3;34;NA;NA;2009;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"20.3";0,13;1;1;1;1;4;"Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Morasco, B. J., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2009). Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers. Addiction, 104(9), 1569-1578.";"10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02652.x";"Aims: College students experience high rates of problem and pathological gambling, yet little research has investigated methods for reducing gambling in this population. This study sought to examine the efficacy of brief intervention strategies. Design: Randomized trial. Setting: College campuses. Participants: A total of 117 college student problem and pathological gamblers. Interventions: Students were assigned randomly to: an assessment-only control, 10 minutes of brief advice, one session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or one session of MET, plus three sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The three interventions were designed to reduce gambling. Measurements: Gambling was assessed at baseline, week 6 and month 9 using the Addiction Severity Index-gambling (ASI-G) module, which also assesses days and dollars wagered. Findings: Compared to the assessment-only condition, those receiving any intervention had significant decreases in ASI-G scores and days and dollars wagered over time. The MET condition decreased significantly ASI-G scores and dollars wagered over time, and increased the odds of a clinically significant reduction in gambling at the 9-month follow-up relative to the assessment-only condition, even after controlling for baseline indices that could impact outcomes. The Brief Advice and MET+CBT conditions had benefits on some, but not all, indices of gambling. None of the interventions differed significantly from one another. Conclusions These results suggest the efficacy of brief interventions for reducing gambling problems in college students.";"Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02652.x";"Addiction";"Petry, 2009";NA +"71";"Petry, 2009";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,446323379194351;0,286998858912341;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";6,1;7,8;19;10,3;10;33;NA;NA;2009;"30";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"20.3";0,13;1;1;1;1;4;"Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Morasco, B. J., & Ledgerwood, D. M. (2009). Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers. Addiction, 104(9), 1569-1578.";"10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02652.x";"Aims: College students experience high rates of problem and pathological gambling, yet little research has investigated methods for reducing gambling in this population. This study sought to examine the efficacy of brief intervention strategies. Design: Randomized trial. Setting: College campuses. Participants: A total of 117 college student problem and pathological gamblers. Interventions: Students were assigned randomly to: an assessment-only control, 10 minutes of brief advice, one session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or one session of MET, plus three sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The three interventions were designed to reduce gambling. Measurements: Gambling was assessed at baseline, week 6 and month 9 using the Addiction Severity Index-gambling (ASI-G) module, which also assesses days and dollars wagered. Findings: Compared to the assessment-only condition, those receiving any intervention had significant decreases in ASI-G scores and days and dollars wagered over time. The MET condition decreased significantly ASI-G scores and dollars wagered over time, and increased the odds of a clinically significant reduction in gambling at the 9-month follow-up relative to the assessment-only condition, even after controlling for baseline indices that could impact outcomes. The Brief Advice and MET+CBT conditions had benefits on some, but not all, indices of gambling. None of the interventions differed significantly from one another. Conclusions These results suggest the efficacy of brief interventions for reducing gambling problems in college students.";"Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02652.x";"Addiction";"Petry, 2009";NA +"72";"Petry, 2016";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,094660650005822;0,167956874742337;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";13,5;5,3;75;14;5,2;66;NA;NA;2016;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"41.9";0,28;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Rash, C. J., & Alessi, S. M. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions for problem gambling in substance abuse treatment patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(10), 874-886.";"10.1037/ccp0000127";"Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of brief gambling treatments in patients attending substance abuse treatment clinics. Method: Substance abuse treatment patients with gambling problems (N = 217) were randomly assigned to a 10- to 15-min brief psychoeducation gambling intervention; a 10- to 15-min brief advice intervention addressing gambling norms, risk factors, and methods to prevent additional problems; or 4 50-min sessions of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behavior therapy for reducing gambling (MET + CBT). Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline and throughout 24 months. Results: In the sample as a whole, days and dollars wagered and gambling problems decreased markedly from baseline through Month 5; thereafter, reductions in dollars wagered and gambling problems continued to decrease modestly but significantly, and days gambled remained constant. Brief advice significantly reduced days gambled between baseline and Month 5 relative to brief psychoeducation. The MET + CBT condition engendered no benefit beyond brief advice in terms of days gambled but did lead to more precipitous reductions in dollars gambled and problems experienced in the initial 5 months, and greater clinically significant improvements in gambling in both the short and long term. MET + CBT also resulted in initial decreases in self-reported alcohol use and problems but did not differentially impact self-reported illicit drug use or submission of positive samples. Conclusions: Gambling problems tend to dissipate over time regardless of the intervention applied, but offering MET + CBT was more efficacious in decreasing gambling than providing a brief single session intervention.";"A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions for problem gambling in substance abuse treatment patients.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-33917-001";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2016";NA +"73";"Petry, 2016";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,0630794464785432;0,176717239936858;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";6,6;8,8;67;7,1;6,7;60;NA;NA;2016;"88";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"41.9";0,28;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Rash, C. J., & Alessi, S. M. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions for problem gambling in substance abuse treatment patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(10), 874-886.";"10.1037/ccp0000127";"Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of brief gambling treatments in patients attending substance abuse treatment clinics. Method: Substance abuse treatment patients with gambling problems (N = 217) were randomly assigned to a 10- to 15-min brief psychoeducation gambling intervention; a 10- to 15-min brief advice intervention addressing gambling norms, risk factors, and methods to prevent additional problems; or 4 50-min sessions of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behavior therapy for reducing gambling (MET + CBT). Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline and throughout 24 months. Results: In the sample as a whole, days and dollars wagered and gambling problems decreased markedly from baseline through Month 5; thereafter, reductions in dollars wagered and gambling problems continued to decrease modestly but significantly, and days gambled remained constant. Brief advice significantly reduced days gambled between baseline and Month 5 relative to brief psychoeducation. The MET + CBT condition engendered no benefit beyond brief advice in terms of days gambled but did lead to more precipitous reductions in dollars gambled and problems experienced in the initial 5 months, and greater clinically significant improvements in gambling in both the short and long term. MET + CBT also resulted in initial decreases in self-reported alcohol use and problems but did not differentially impact self-reported illicit drug use or submission of positive samples. Conclusions: Gambling problems tend to dissipate over time regardless of the intervention applied, but offering MET + CBT was more efficacious in decreasing gambling than providing a brief single session intervention.";"A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions for problem gambling in substance abuse treatment patients.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-33917-001";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2016";NA +"74";"So, 2020";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,0730066735140876;0,142038711809881;"md";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";NA;NA;96;NA;NA;101;-1,21;16,51;2020;"4";"post";"ind";"ind";"eas";"36.299999999999997";0,21;1;1;0;1;3;"So, R., Furukawa, T. A., Matsushita, S., Baba, T., Matsuzaki, T., Furuno, S., ... & Higuchi, S. (2020). Unguided chatbot-delivered cognitive behavioural intervention for problem gamblers through messaging app: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(4), 1391-1407.";"10.1007/s10899-020-09935-4";"Internet-delivered intervention may be an acceptable alternative for the more than 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support. Thus, we aimed to (1) develop a low-dropout unguided intervention named GAMBOT integrated with a messaging app; and (2) investigate its effect. The present study was a randomised, quadruple-blind, controlled trial. We set pre-to-post change in the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) as the primary outcome and pre-to-post change in the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) as a secondary outcome. Daily monitoring, personalised feedback, and private messages based on cognitive behavioural theory were offered to participants in the intervention group through a messaging app for 28 days (GAMBOT). Participants in the control group received biweekly messages only for assessments for 28 days (assessments only). A total of 197 problem gamblers were included in the primary analysis. We failed to demonstrate a significant between-group difference in the primary outcome (PGSI − 1.14, 95% CI − 2.75 to 0.47, p = 0.162) but in the secondary outcome (G-SAS − 3.14, 95% CI − 0.24 to − 6.04, p = 0.03). Only 6.7% of the participants dropped out during follow-up and 77% of the GAMBOT group participants (74/96) continued to participate in the intervention throughout the 28-day period. Integrating intervention into a chatbot feature on a frequently used messaging app shows promise in helping to overcome the high dropout rate of unguided internet-delivered interventions. More effective and sophisticated contents delivered by a chatbot should be sought to engage over 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support.";"Unguided Chatbot-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Problem Gamblers Through Messaging App: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-020-09935-4";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"So, 2020";NA +"75";"Sylvain, 1997";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,35652060259411;0,402724258023046;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";0,2;0,6;14;2,1;1,8;15;NA;NA;1997;"NA";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"40.200000000000003";0;0;0;0;0;0;"Sylvain, C., Ladouceur, R., & Boisvert, J. M. (1997). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study. Journal of consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 727-732.";"10.1037/0022-006X.65.5.727";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment package for pathological gambling. Twenty-nine men who met criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised; DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control. The treatment included 4 components: (a) cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions about gambling, (b) problem-solving training, (c) social skills training, and (d) relapse prevention. The dependent variables were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and number of DSM-III-R criteria met by participants. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed and focus on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions of gambling. ";"Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: A controlled study.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006x.65.5.727";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Sylvain, 1997";NA +"76";"Wong, 2015";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,302259649816671;0,352120719030309;"msd";"gambling";"frequency";"frequency";2,86;1,92;15;3,53;2,36;16;NA;NA;2015;"10";"post";"grp";"grp";"eas";"NA";0;0;0;0;1;1;"Wong, D. F. K., Chung, C. L. P., Wu, J., Tang, J., & Lau, P. (2015). A preliminary study of an integrated and culturally attuned cognitive behavioral group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(3), 1015-1027.";"10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Chinese people may have a higher rate of gambling problems than other cultural groups. However, there are very few clinical outcome studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of clinical interventions for helping Chinese gamblers. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective for helping problem gamblers to significantly reduce their gambling problems in western countries. Very few CBT clinical trials have been conducted with the Chinese populations, and the results were masked by methodological limitations. This preliminary study attempted to test the effectiveness of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. This study adopted a randomized control design and 38 participants were allocated randomly to the experimental condition (n = 18) and control condition (n = 20). The experimental group received 10 weekly CBT group sessions and individual counseling services while control group only received the individual counseling services. Significant decreases in gambling severity and frequencies of gambling were found in the experimental group. The findings also showed that a change in gambling cognitions predicted the changes in gambling severity and gambling urge while a change in gambling severity was also linked to a change in depression. Preliminary evidence highlights the potential benefits of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. However, a more vigorous research design with a larger sample is needed to provide solid evidence of the effectiveness of the model for Chinese problem gamblers.";"A Preliminary Study of an Integrated and Culturally Attuned Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment for Chinese Problem Gamblers in Hong Kong";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Wong, 2015";NA +"77";"Casey, 2017";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,23407304203857;0,280700179400134;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"gsas";14;11,05;22;27,16;10,27;43;NA;NA;2017;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44.5";0,58;1;0;0;0;1;"Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., Horrigan, K., Day, J., Ireland, M., & Clough, B. A. (2017). Internet-based delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy compared to monitoring, feedback and support for problem gambling: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of gambling studies, 33(3), 993-1010.";"10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.";"Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring, Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Casey, 2017";NA +"78";"Cunningham, 2019";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,115359486762375;0,120036298148586;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"gsas";7,16;2,95;129;6,82;2,93;149;NA;NA;2019;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"36.5";0,55;1;1;0;1;3;"Cunningham, J. A., Godinho, A., & Hodgins, D. C. (2019). Pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for problem gamblers. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100175.";"10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100175";"Introduction +This pilot randomized controlled trial sought to evaluate whether an online intervention for problem gambling could lead to improved gambling outcomes compared to a no intervention control. Participants were recruited through a crowdsourcing platform. Methods +Participants were recruited to complete an online survey about their gambling through the Mechanical Turk platform. Those who scored 5 or more on the Problem Gambling Severity Index and were thinking about quitting or reducing their gambling were invited to complete 6-week and 6-month follow-ups. Each potential participant who agreed was sent a unique password. Participants who used their password to log onto the study portal were randomized to either access an online intervention for gambling or to a no intervention control. Results +A total of 321 participants were recruited, of which 87% and 88% were followed-up at 6 weeks and 6 months, respectively. Outcome analyses revealed that, while there were reductions in gambling from baseline to follow-ups, there was no significant observable impact of the online gambling intervention, as compared to a no intervention control condition. Conclusions +While the current trial observed no impact of the intervention, replication is merited with a larger sample size, and with participants who are not recruited through a crowdsourcing platform.";"Pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for problem gamblers";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853219300252";"Addictive Behaviors Reports";"Cunningham, 2019";NA +"79";"Cunningham, 2019";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,0471203443501135;0,119385322989274;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"gsas";6,19;2,93;127;6,05;2,99;155;NA;NA;2019;"18";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"can";"36.5";0,55;1;1;0;1;3;"Cunningham, J. A., Godinho, A., & Hodgins, D. C. (2019). Pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for problem gamblers. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100175.";"10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100175";"Introduction +This pilot randomized controlled trial sought to evaluate whether an online intervention for problem gambling could lead to improved gambling outcomes compared to a no intervention control. Participants were recruited through a crowdsourcing platform. Methods +Participants were recruited to complete an online survey about their gambling through the Mechanical Turk platform. Those who scored 5 or more on the Problem Gambling Severity Index and were thinking about quitting or reducing their gambling were invited to complete 6-week and 6-month follow-ups. Each potential participant who agreed was sent a unique password. Participants who used their password to log onto the study portal were randomized to either access an online intervention for gambling or to a no intervention control. Results +A total of 321 participants were recruited, of which 87% and 88% were followed-up at 6 weeks and 6 months, respectively. Outcome analyses revealed that, while there were reductions in gambling from baseline to follow-ups, there was no significant observable impact of the online gambling intervention, as compared to a no intervention control condition. Conclusions +While the current trial observed no impact of the intervention, replication is merited with a larger sample size, and with participants who are not recruited through a crowdsourcing platform.";"Pilot randomized controlled trial of an online intervention for problem gamblers";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853219300252";"Addictive Behaviors Reports";"Cunningham, 2019";NA +"80";"Ede, 2020";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-6,67401157757693;0,807989074022412;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"gsas";10,6;1,27;20;33,67;4,62;20;NA;NA;2020;"8";"post";"grp";"grp";"oth";"23";0,3;1;1;0;1;3;"Ede, M. O., Omeje, J. C., Ncheke, D. C., Agah, J. J., Chinweuba, N. H., & Amoke, C. V. (2020). Assessment of the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural therapy in reducing pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(4), 1325-1339.";"10.1007/s10899-020-09981-y";"Pathological gambling is a developmental disorder usually associated with a continuous loss of control over gambling; it also involves a preoccupation with gambling and with obtaining money for the same purpose of gambling, irrational thinking, and a continuation of the behaviour despite being aware of its adverse consequences. This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (GCBT) on pathological gambling among Nigerian students. The study used a group randomised controlled trial design to assign participants to intervention and control groups. A total of 40 undergraduate students, aged 18–30, were classified as pathological gamblers (participants) in this study. Participants completed self-report scales titled South oaks gambling screen and Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale at three-time points. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The data collected were statistically analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results revealed that GCBT has a significant effect in decreasing the symptoms of pathological gambling among the participants in GCBT compared to those in the control group and that the improvements were maintained at follow-up. The study concluded that group cognitive-behavioural therapy is impactful therapy in reducing pathological gambling among students. It has also validated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy in altering erroneous thoughts and replacing it with a better alternative realistic way of thinking.";"Assessment of the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Reducing Pathological Gambling";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-020-09981-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Ede, 2020";NA +"81";"Ede, 2020";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-7,15843870106325;0,858257840034224;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"gsas";9,03;2,01;20;33,59;4,31;20;NA;NA;2020;"4";"follow up";"grp";"grp";"oth";"23";0,3;1;1;0;1;3;"Ede, M. O., Omeje, J. C., Ncheke, D. C., Agah, J. J., Chinweuba, N. H., & Amoke, C. V. (2020). Assessment of the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural therapy in reducing pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(4), 1325-1339.";"10.1007/s10899-020-09981-y";"Pathological gambling is a developmental disorder usually associated with a continuous loss of control over gambling; it also involves a preoccupation with gambling and with obtaining money for the same purpose of gambling, irrational thinking, and a continuation of the behaviour despite being aware of its adverse consequences. This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (GCBT) on pathological gambling among Nigerian students. The study used a group randomised controlled trial design to assign participants to intervention and control groups. A total of 40 undergraduate students, aged 18–30, were classified as pathological gamblers (participants) in this study. Participants completed self-report scales titled South oaks gambling screen and Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale at three-time points. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The data collected were statistically analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results revealed that GCBT has a significant effect in decreasing the symptoms of pathological gambling among the participants in GCBT compared to those in the control group and that the improvements were maintained at follow-up. The study concluded that group cognitive-behavioural therapy is impactful therapy in reducing pathological gambling among students. It has also validated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy in altering erroneous thoughts and replacing it with a better alternative realistic way of thinking.";"Assessment of the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Reducing Pathological Gambling";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-020-09981-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Ede, 2020";NA +"82";"Grant, 2009";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,889231808969184;0,251700597179558;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"gsas";19,9;11,2;33;29,7;10,6;35;NA;NA;2009;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"48.7";0,63;0;0;0;1;1;"Grant, J. E., Donahue, C. B., Odlaug, B. L., Kim, S. W., Miller, M. J., & Petry, N. M. (2009). Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(3), 266-267.";"10.1192/bjp.bp.108.062414";"Sixty-eight individuals were randomised to either six sessions of imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing (IDMI) or Gamblers Anonymous. Individuals assigned to IDMI had significantly greater reductions in Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling total scores, gambling urges and gambling behaviour. People who failed to respond to Gamblers Anonymous reported significantly greater reduction in pathological gambling symptoms following later assignment to IDMI. Abstinence was achieved by 63.6% during the acute IDMI treatment period.";"Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/imaginal-desensitisation-plus-motivational-interviewing-for-pathological-gambling-randomised-controlled-trial/7A2F7986A04C4DDE62C30BDD38B4258F";"The British Journal of Psychiatry";"Grant, 2009";NA +"83";"So, 2020";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,150597379576918;0,142193636148503;"md";"gambling";"severity";"gsas";NA;NA;96;NA;NA;101;-3,14;20,77;2020;"4";"post";"ind";"ind";"eas";"36.299999999999997";0,21;1;1;0;1;3;"So, R., Furukawa, T. A., Matsushita, S., Baba, T., Matsuzaki, T., Furuno, S., ... & Higuchi, S. (2020). Unguided chatbot-delivered cognitive behavioural intervention for problem gamblers through messaging app: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(4), 1391-1407.";"10.1007/s10899-020-09935-4";"Internet-delivered intervention may be an acceptable alternative for the more than 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support. Thus, we aimed to (1) develop a low-dropout unguided intervention named GAMBOT integrated with a messaging app; and (2) investigate its effect. The present study was a randomised, quadruple-blind, controlled trial. We set pre-to-post change in the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) as the primary outcome and pre-to-post change in the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) as a secondary outcome. Daily monitoring, personalised feedback, and private messages based on cognitive behavioural theory were offered to participants in the intervention group through a messaging app for 28 days (GAMBOT). Participants in the control group received biweekly messages only for assessments for 28 days (assessments only). A total of 197 problem gamblers were included in the primary analysis. We failed to demonstrate a significant between-group difference in the primary outcome (PGSI − 1.14, 95% CI − 2.75 to 0.47, p = 0.162) but in the secondary outcome (G-SAS − 3.14, 95% CI − 0.24 to − 6.04, p = 0.03). Only 6.7% of the participants dropped out during follow-up and 77% of the GAMBOT group participants (74/96) continued to participate in the intervention throughout the 28-day period. Integrating intervention into a chatbot feature on a frequently used messaging app shows promise in helping to overcome the high dropout rate of unguided internet-delivered interventions. More effective and sophisticated contents delivered by a chatbot should be sought to engage over 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support.";"Unguided Chatbot-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Problem Gamblers Through Messaging App: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-020-09935-4";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"So, 2020";NA +"84";"Carlbring, 2008";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,51595896540517;0,247506758016158;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"hads-a";5,12;3,57;34;7,03;3,75;32;NA;NA;2008;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"31.9";0,06;1;1;0;1;3;"Carlbring, P., & Smit, F. (2008). Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 1090-1094.";"10.1037/a0013603";"Although effective therapies for pathological gambling exist, their uptake is limited to 10% of the target population. To lower the barriers for help seeking, the authors tested an online alternative in a randomized trial (N = 66). The participants were pathological gamblers not presenting with severe comorbid depression. A wait-list control was compared with an 8-week Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy program with minimal therapist contact via e-mail and weekly telephone calls of less than 15 min. Average time spent on each participant, including phone conversations, e-mail, and administration, was 4 hr. The Internet-based intervention resulted in favorable changes in pathological gambling, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Composite between-group effect size (Cohen's d) at posttreatment was 0.83. Follow-ups carried out in the treatment group at 6, 18, and 36 months indicated that treatment effects were sustained (ds = 2.58, 1.96, and 1.98). This evidence is in support of Internet-delivered treatment for pathological gamblers. However, it is not clear how effective the treatment is for more severely depressed individuals.";"Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-16943-010";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Carlbring, 2008";NA +"85";"Carlbring, 2008";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,677922335663661;0,250448561433977;"msd";"depression";NA;"hads-d";4,03;3,42;34;6,16;2,73;32;NA;NA;2008;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"31.9";0,06;1;1;0;1;3;"Carlbring, P., & Smit, F. (2008). Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 1090-1094.";"10.1037/a0013603";"Although effective therapies for pathological gambling exist, their uptake is limited to 10% of the target population. To lower the barriers for help seeking, the authors tested an online alternative in a randomized trial (N = 66). The participants were pathological gamblers not presenting with severe comorbid depression. A wait-list control was compared with an 8-week Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy program with minimal therapist contact via e-mail and weekly telephone calls of less than 15 min. Average time spent on each participant, including phone conversations, e-mail, and administration, was 4 hr. The Internet-based intervention resulted in favorable changes in pathological gambling, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Composite between-group effect size (Cohen's d) at posttreatment was 0.83. Follow-ups carried out in the treatment group at 6, 18, and 36 months indicated that treatment effects were sustained (ds = 2.58, 1.96, and 1.98). This evidence is in support of Internet-delivered treatment for pathological gamblers. However, it is not clear how effective the treatment is for more severely depressed individuals.";"Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-16943-010";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Carlbring, 2008";NA +"86";"Grant, 2009";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,714355776967332;0,247570621095071;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"has";3,73;3,8;33;6,37;3,51;35;NA;NA;2009;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"48.7";0,63;0;0;0;1;1;"Grant, J. E., Donahue, C. B., Odlaug, B. L., Kim, S. W., Miller, M. J., & Petry, N. M. (2009). Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(3), 266-267.";"10.1192/bjp.bp.108.062414";"Sixty-eight individuals were randomised to either six sessions of imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing (IDMI) or Gamblers Anonymous. Individuals assigned to IDMI had significantly greater reductions in Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling total scores, gambling urges and gambling behaviour. People who failed to respond to Gamblers Anonymous reported significantly greater reduction in pathological gambling symptoms following later assignment to IDMI. Abstinence was achieved by 63.6% during the acute IDMI treatment period.";"Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/imaginal-desensitisation-plus-motivational-interviewing-for-pathological-gambling-randomised-controlled-trial/7A2F7986A04C4DDE62C30BDD38B4258F";"The British Journal of Psychiatry";"Grant, 2009";NA +"87";"Grant, 2009";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,676088396081692;0,246779197474358;"msd";"depression";NA;"hrsd";4,64;4,83;33;8;4,99;35;NA;NA;2009;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"48.7";0,63;0;0;0;1;1;"Grant, J. E., Donahue, C. B., Odlaug, B. L., Kim, S. W., Miller, M. J., & Petry, N. M. (2009). Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(3), 266-267.";"10.1192/bjp.bp.108.062414";"Sixty-eight individuals were randomised to either six sessions of imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing (IDMI) or Gamblers Anonymous. Individuals assigned to IDMI had significantly greater reductions in Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling total scores, gambling urges and gambling behaviour. People who failed to respond to Gamblers Anonymous reported significantly greater reduction in pathological gambling symptoms following later assignment to IDMI. Abstinence was achieved by 63.6% during the acute IDMI treatment period.";"Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/imaginal-desensitisation-plus-motivational-interviewing-for-pathological-gambling-randomised-controlled-trial/7A2F7986A04C4DDE62C30BDD38B4258F";"The British Journal of Psychiatry";"Grant, 2009";NA +"88";"Abbott, 2018";"cbt";"cau";"wb + telephone";"cau";-0,0491184397167087;0,146036106492246;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";9;16,66;87;10;22,96;100;NA;NA;2018;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"39.200000000000003";0,53;1;1;1;1;4;"Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Palmer Du Preez, K., Landon, J., ... & Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(5), 883-895.";"10.1111/add.14149";"Background and aims: Problem gambling is a significant public health issue world-wide. There is substantial investment in publicly funded intervention services, but limited evaluation of effectiveness. This study investigated three brief telephone interventions to determine whether they were more effective than standard helpline treatment in helping people to reduce gambling. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: National gambling helpline in New Zealand. Participants: A total of 462 adults with problem gambling. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR: (1) Single motivational interview (MI), (2) single motivational interview plus cognitive-behavioural self-help workbook (MI + W) and (3) single motivational interview plus workbook plus four booster follow-up telephone interviews (MI + W + B). Comparator was helpline standard care [treatment as usual (TAU)]. Blinded follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Measurements: Primary outcomes were days gambled, dollars lost per day and treatment goal success. Findings: There were no differences across treatment arms, although participants showed large reductions in gambling during the 12-month follow-up period [mean reduction of 5.5 days, confidence interval (CI) = 4.8, 6.2; NZ$38 lost ($32, $44; 80.6%), improved (77.2%, 84.0%)]. Subgroup analysis revealed improved days gambled and dollars lost for MI + W + B over MI or MI + W for a goal of reduction of gambling (versus quitting) and improvement in dollars lost by ethnicity, gambling severity and psychological distress (all P < 0.01). MI + W + B was associated with greater treatment goal success for higher gambling severity than TAU or MI at 12 months and also better for those with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy to MI (all P < 0.01). TAU and MI were found to be equivalent in terms of dollars lost. Conclusions: In treatment of problem gambling in New Zealand, brief telephone interventions are associated with changes in days gambling and dollars lost similar to more intensive interventions, suggesting that more treatment is not necessarily better than less. Some client subgroups, in particular those with greater problem severity and greater distress, achieve better outcomes when they receive more intensive treatment.";"Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14149";"Addiction";"Abbott, 2018";NA +"89";"Abbott, 2018";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";-0,0460376518585977;0,141615358842742;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";9;20,2;98;10;22,96;100;NA;NA;2018;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"39.200000000000003";0,53;1;1;1;1;4;"Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Palmer Du Preez, K., Landon, J., ... & Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(5), 883-895.";"10.1111/add.14149";"Background and aims: Problem gambling is a significant public health issue world-wide. There is substantial investment in publicly funded intervention services, but limited evaluation of effectiveness. This study investigated three brief telephone interventions to determine whether they were more effective than standard helpline treatment in helping people to reduce gambling. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: National gambling helpline in New Zealand. Participants: A total of 462 adults with problem gambling. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR: (1) Single motivational interview (MI), (2) single motivational interview plus cognitive-behavioural self-help workbook (MI + W) and (3) single motivational interview plus workbook plus four booster follow-up telephone interviews (MI + W + B). Comparator was helpline standard care [treatment as usual (TAU)]. Blinded follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Measurements: Primary outcomes were days gambled, dollars lost per day and treatment goal success. Findings: There were no differences across treatment arms, although participants showed large reductions in gambling during the 12-month follow-up period [mean reduction of 5.5 days, confidence interval (CI) = 4.8, 6.2; NZ$38 lost ($32, $44; 80.6%), improved (77.2%, 84.0%)]. Subgroup analysis revealed improved days gambled and dollars lost for MI + W + B over MI or MI + W for a goal of reduction of gambling (versus quitting) and improvement in dollars lost by ethnicity, gambling severity and psychological distress (all P < 0.01). MI + W + B was associated with greater treatment goal success for higher gambling severity than TAU or MI at 12 months and also better for those with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy to MI (all P < 0.01). TAU and MI were found to be equivalent in terms of dollars lost. Conclusions: In treatment of problem gambling in New Zealand, brief telephone interventions are associated with changes in days gambling and dollars lost similar to more intensive interventions, suggesting that more treatment is not necessarily better than less. Some client subgroups, in particular those with greater problem severity and greater distress, achieve better outcomes when they receive more intensive treatment.";"Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14149";"Addiction";"Abbott, 2018";NA +"90";"Abbott, 2018";"cbt";"cau";"wb + telephone";"cau";-0,112157865592601;0,162154404180481;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";8;17,44;73;10;18,02;78;NA;NA;2018;"36";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"au";"39.200000000000003";0,53;1;1;1;1;4;"Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Palmer Du Preez, K., Landon, J., ... & Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(5), 883-895.";"10.1111/add.14149";"Background and aims: Problem gambling is a significant public health issue world-wide. There is substantial investment in publicly funded intervention services, but limited evaluation of effectiveness. This study investigated three brief telephone interventions to determine whether they were more effective than standard helpline treatment in helping people to reduce gambling. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: National gambling helpline in New Zealand. Participants: A total of 462 adults with problem gambling. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR: (1) Single motivational interview (MI), (2) single motivational interview plus cognitive-behavioural self-help workbook (MI + W) and (3) single motivational interview plus workbook plus four booster follow-up telephone interviews (MI + W + B). Comparator was helpline standard care [treatment as usual (TAU)]. Blinded follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Measurements: Primary outcomes were days gambled, dollars lost per day and treatment goal success. Findings: There were no differences across treatment arms, although participants showed large reductions in gambling during the 12-month follow-up period [mean reduction of 5.5 days, confidence interval (CI) = 4.8, 6.2; NZ$38 lost ($32, $44; 80.6%), improved (77.2%, 84.0%)]. Subgroup analysis revealed improved days gambled and dollars lost for MI + W + B over MI or MI + W for a goal of reduction of gambling (versus quitting) and improvement in dollars lost by ethnicity, gambling severity and psychological distress (all P < 0.01). MI + W + B was associated with greater treatment goal success for higher gambling severity than TAU or MI at 12 months and also better for those with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy to MI (all P < 0.01). TAU and MI were found to be equivalent in terms of dollars lost. Conclusions: In treatment of problem gambling in New Zealand, brief telephone interventions are associated with changes in days gambling and dollars lost similar to more intensive interventions, suggesting that more treatment is not necessarily better than less. Some client subgroups, in particular those with greater problem severity and greater distress, achieve better outcomes when they receive more intensive treatment.";"Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14149";"Addiction";"Abbott, 2018";NA +"91";"Abbott, 2018";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";-0,112157865592601;0,162154404180481;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";7;13,52;78;10;18,02;78;NA;NA;2018;"36";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"au";"39.200000000000003";0,53;1;1;1;1;4;"Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Palmer Du Preez, K., Landon, J., ... & Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(5), 883-895.";"10.1111/add.14149";"Background and aims: Problem gambling is a significant public health issue world-wide. There is substantial investment in publicly funded intervention services, but limited evaluation of effectiveness. This study investigated three brief telephone interventions to determine whether they were more effective than standard helpline treatment in helping people to reduce gambling. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: National gambling helpline in New Zealand. Participants: A total of 462 adults with problem gambling. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATOR: (1) Single motivational interview (MI), (2) single motivational interview plus cognitive-behavioural self-help workbook (MI + W) and (3) single motivational interview plus workbook plus four booster follow-up telephone interviews (MI + W + B). Comparator was helpline standard care [treatment as usual (TAU)]. Blinded follow-up was at 3, 6 and 12 months. Measurements: Primary outcomes were days gambled, dollars lost per day and treatment goal success. Findings: There were no differences across treatment arms, although participants showed large reductions in gambling during the 12-month follow-up period [mean reduction of 5.5 days, confidence interval (CI) = 4.8, 6.2; NZ$38 lost ($32, $44; 80.6%), improved (77.2%, 84.0%)]. Subgroup analysis revealed improved days gambled and dollars lost for MI + W + B over MI or MI + W for a goal of reduction of gambling (versus quitting) and improvement in dollars lost by ethnicity, gambling severity and psychological distress (all P < 0.01). MI + W + B was associated with greater treatment goal success for higher gambling severity than TAU or MI at 12 months and also better for those with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy to MI (all P < 0.01). TAU and MI were found to be equivalent in terms of dollars lost. Conclusions: In treatment of problem gambling in New Zealand, brief telephone interventions are associated with changes in days gambling and dollars lost similar to more intensive interventions, suggesting that more treatment is not necessarily better than less. Some client subgroups, in particular those with greater problem severity and greater distress, achieve better outcomes when they receive more intensive treatment.";"Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14149";"Addiction";"Abbott, 2018";NA +"92";"Boudreault, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,382817900390095;0,27073880070112;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";476,56;2035,59;27;1267,28;2035,59;27;NA;NA;2018;"11";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"51.5";0,39;1;0;0;1;2;"Boudreault, C., Giroux, I., Jacques, C., Goulet, A., Simoneau, H., & Ladouceur, R. (2018). Efficacy of a self-help treatment for at-risk and pathological gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 561-580.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9717-z";"Available evidence suggests that self-help treatments may reduce problem gambling severity but inconsistencies of results across clinical trials leave the extent of their benefits unclear. Moreover, no self-help treatment has yet been validated within a French Canadian setting. The current study therefore assesses the efficacy of a French language self-help treatment including three motivational telephone interviews spread over an 11-week period and a cognitive-behavioral self-help workbook. At-risk and pathological gamblers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 31) or the waiting list (n = 31). Relative to the waiting list, the treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of DSM-5 gambling disorder criteria met, gambling habits, and gambling consequences at Week 11. Perceived self-efficacy and life satisfaction also significantly improved after 11 weeks for the treatment group, but not for the waiting list group. At Week 11, 13% of participants had dropped out of the study. All significant changes reported for the treatment group were maintained throughout 1, 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Results support the efficacy of the self-help treatment to reduce problem gambling severity, gambling behaviour and to improve overall functioning among a sample of French Canadian problem gamblers over short, medium and long term. Findings from this study lend support to the appropriateness of self-help treatments for problem gamblers and help clarify inconsistencies found in the literature. The low dropout rate is discussed with respect to the advantages of the self-help format. Clinical and methodological implications of the results are put forth.";"Efficacy of a Self-Help Treatment for At-Risk and Pathological Gamblers";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9717-z";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Boudreault, 2018";NA +"93";"Carlbring, 2010";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,438165855030177;0,572299032039806;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";9300;8235,86;8;19349,17;36547,06;4;NA;NA;2010;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"40.5";0,16;1;1;0;1;3;"Carlbring, P., Jonsson, J., Josephson, H., & Forsberg, L. (2010). Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(2), 92-103.";"10.1080/16506070903190245";"Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150 primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control. Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and 6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time. Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome and compliance.";"Motivational Interviewing Versus Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16506070903190245";"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ";"Carlbring, 2010";NA +"94";"Casey, 2017";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,398796148514238;0,253185020470792;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";96,33;189,1;24;251;454,44;44;NA;NA;2017;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44.5";0,58;1;0;0;0;1;"Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., Horrigan, K., Day, J., Ireland, M., & Clough, B. A. (2017). Internet-based delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy compared to monitoring, feedback and support for problem gambling: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of gambling studies, 33(3), 993-1010.";"10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.";"Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring, Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Casey, 2017";NA +"95";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"ind";"wl";-1,07649462640712;0,380528934079454;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";32;50;12;303;306;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"96";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"grp";"wl";-0,557949006720594;0,34034039528586;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";162;129;15;303;306;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"grp";"grp";"au";"43.6";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"97";"Hodgins, 2001";"cbt";"wl";"mi";"wl";-0,625389631197836;0,251421986284229;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";62,3;95,9;31;141,1;145,7;34;NA;NA;2001;"12";"post";"ind";"ush";"can";"46";0,52;0;0;0;0;0;"Hodgins, D. C., Currie, S. R., & el-Guebaly, N. (2001). Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 50-57.";"10.1037/0022-006X.69.1.50";"Two brief treatments for problem gambling were compared with a waiting-list control in a randomized trial. Eighty-four percent of participants (N = 102) reported a significant reduction in gambling over a 12-month follow-up period. Participants who received a motivational enhancement telephone intervention and a self-help workbook in the mail, but not those who received the workbook only, had better outcomes than participants in a 1-month waiting-list control. Participants who received the motivational interview and workbook showed better outcomes than those receiving the workbook only at 3-and 6-month follow-ups. At the 12-month follow-up, the advantage of the motivational interview and workbook condition was found only for participants with less severe gambling problems. Overall, these results support the effectiveness of a brief telephone and mail-based treatment for problem gambling.";"Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-14541-006";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Hodgins, 2001";NA +"98";"Hodgins, 2001";"cbt";"wl";"wb";"wl";-0,202658004977114;0,24216925262856;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";184,7;264,5;33;141,1;145,7;34;NA;NA;2001;"12";"post";"ind";"ush";"can";"46";0,52;0;0;0;0;0;"Hodgins, D. C., Currie, S. R., & el-Guebaly, N. (2001). Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 50-57.";"10.1037/0022-006X.69.1.50";"Two brief treatments for problem gambling were compared with a waiting-list control in a randomized trial. Eighty-four percent of participants (N = 102) reported a significant reduction in gambling over a 12-month follow-up period. Participants who received a motivational enhancement telephone intervention and a self-help workbook in the mail, but not those who received the workbook only, had better outcomes than participants in a 1-month waiting-list control. Participants who received the motivational interview and workbook showed better outcomes than those receiving the workbook only at 3-and 6-month follow-ups. At the 12-month follow-up, the advantage of the motivational interview and workbook condition was found only for participants with less severe gambling problems. Overall, these results support the effectiveness of a brief telephone and mail-based treatment for problem gambling.";"Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-14541-006";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Hodgins, 2001";NA +"99";"Ladouceur, 2001";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,705788166697113;0,255780185023093;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";39;173;35;271;444;29;NA;NA;2001;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"42";0,17;0;0;0;0;0;"Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., Lachance, S., Doucet, C., Leblond, J., & Jacques, C. (2001). Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(11), 774-780.";"10.1097/00005053-200111000-00007";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive treatment package for pathological gambling. Sixty-six gamblers, meeting DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control conditions. Cognitive correction techniques were used first to target gamblers' erroneous perceptions about randomness and then to address issues of relapse prevention. The dependent measures used were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the number of DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling met by participants, as well as gamblers' perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, and desire to gamble. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed, focusing on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions toward the notion of randomness.";"Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling";"https://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Fulltext/2001/11000/Cognitive_Treatment_of_Pathological_Gambling.7.aspx";"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease";"Ladouceur, 2001";NA +"100";"Larimer, 2012";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,340334541911183;0,239346423917464;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";-0,19;0,65;30;0,05;0,73;41;NA;NA;2012;"10";"follow up";"comb";"comb";"us";"21.23";0,35;0;0;0;1;1;"Larimer, M. E., Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Whiteside, U., Cronce, J. M., Kaysen, D., & Walker, D. D. (2012). Brief motivational feedback and cognitive behavioral interventions for prevention of disordered gambling: A randomized clinical trial. Addiction, 107(6), 1148-1158.";"10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03776.x";"Aims: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of two promising approaches to indicated prevention of disordered gambling in a college population. Design: Randomized clinical trial with assignment to a personalized feedback intervention (PFI), cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI) or assessment-only control (AOC). PFI was delivered individually in a single session and included feedback regarding gambling behavior, norms, consequences and risk-reduction tips, delivered in a motivational interviewing style. CBI was delivered in small groups over four to six sessions and included functional analysis and brief cognitive correction, as well as identification of and alternatives for responding to gambling triggers. Setting: College campus. Participants: At-risk or probable pathological gamblers (n = 147; 65.3% male; group assignment: PFI, n = 52; CBI, n = 44; AOC, n = 51). Measurements: Self-reported gambling quantity, frequency, consequences, psychopathology, normative perceptions and beliefs. Findings: Relative to control, results at 6-month follow-up indicated reductions in both interventions for gambling consequences (PFI d = 0.48; CBI d = 0.39) and DSM-IV criteria (PFI d = 0.60; CBI d = 0.48), reductions in frequency for PFI (d = 0.48). CBI was associated with reduced illusions of control, whereas PFI was associated with reduced perceptions of gambling frequency norms. Reductions in perceived gambling frequency norms mediated effects of PFI on gambling frequency. Conclusions: A single-session personalized feedback intervention and a multi-session cognitive-behavioral intervention may be helpful in reducing disordered gambling in US college students.";"Brief motivational feedback and cognitive behavioral interventions for prevention of disordered gambling: a randomized clinical trial";"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03776.x";"Addiction";"Larimer, 2012";NA +"101";"Marceaux, 2011";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,515481963340374;0,447159799952247;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";306,33;963,37;15;802,14;829,75;7;NA;NA;2011;"8";"post";"grp";"grp";"us";"49";0,62;0;0;0;0;0;"Marceaux, J. C., & Melville, C. L. (2011). Twelve-step facilitated versus mapping-enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gambling: A controlled study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(1), 171-190.";"10.1007/s10899-010-9196-y";"This study examined the efficacy of two group treatments for pathological gambling, a node-link mapping-enhanced cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT-mapping) and twelve-step facilitated (TSF) group treatment. Forty-nine participants meeting criteria for pathological gambling were recruited from local newspaper advertisements. These participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: TSF (n = 11), CBGT-mapping (n = 18), and Wait-List control (n = 9); 11 refused treatment prior to randomization. Outcome measures included number of DSM-IV criteria met, perception of control/self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and frequency of gambling episodes. Analyses revealed a significant treatment group × time interaction (η²partial = .39). Specifically, the group treatments resulted in significant improvements in the dependent measures, while the Wait-List group remained relatively stable. Overall, CBGT-mapping and TSF had no significant differences on any outcome measure at follow-up assessments. Analysis of post-treatment and 6-month follow-up reveal a significant improvement in gambling outcomes (i.e., fewer DSM-IV criteria met, greater self-efficacy, and fewer gambling episodes (η²partial = .35), with treatment gains maintained at 6 months. These results are consistent with previous research for group treatment for pathological gambling and provide support for the utility of TSF and a mapping-based CBT therapy as viable intervention for pathological gambling.";"Twelve-Step Facilitated Versus Mapping-Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pathological Gambling: A Controlled Study";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-010-9196-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Marceaux, 2011";NA +"102";"Myrseth, 2009";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,549581427464752;0,511068805948316;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";2968,57;6668,45;7;7800;9539,22;7;NA;NA;2009;"7";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"37.4";0,21;0;0;0;0;0;"Myrseth, H., Litlerè, I., Støylen, I. J., & Pallesen, S. (2009). A controlled study of the effect of cognitive–behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63(1), 22-31.";"10.1080/08039480802055139";"As the number of pathological gamblers has increased recently, the need for effective treatment has become more evident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term cognitive–behavioural group therapy programme for pathological gamblers. Fourteen subjects (three females and 11 males), who met the criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, were randomly assigned to a Treatment Group (n=7) or a waiting list Control Group (n=7). An experimental design with three repeated measures was used (pre-treatment, post-treatment/post-waiting list and follow-up). The dependent variables were DSM-IV Criteria for Pathological Gambling, Money Spent on Gambling During the Last Week and Gamblers Inventory of Negative Consequences. The Treatment Group improved on the DSM-IV Criteria for Pathological Gambling, but did not show a significant improvement on Money Spent on Gambling During the Last week from pre-treatment to post-treatment. Combining both groups at 3-months follow-up, there was a significant improvement on all three variables from pre-treatment to follow-up. The results of this controlled study indicate that a short-term cognitive–behavioural group treatment for pathological gamblers had an effect.";"A controlled study of the effect of cognitive–behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08039480802055139";"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ";"Myrseth, 2009";NA +"103";"Myrseth, 2009";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,468833929189703;0,508187345632969;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";737,14;1227,6;7;2422,86;4599,31;7;NA;NA;2009;"12";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"eu";"37.4";0,21;0;0;0;0;0;"Myrseth, H., Litlerè, I., Støylen, I. J., & Pallesen, S. (2009). A controlled study of the effect of cognitive–behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63(1), 22-31.";"10.1080/08039480802055139";"As the number of pathological gamblers has increased recently, the need for effective treatment has become more evident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term cognitive–behavioural group therapy programme for pathological gamblers. Fourteen subjects (three females and 11 males), who met the criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, were randomly assigned to a Treatment Group (n=7) or a waiting list Control Group (n=7). An experimental design with three repeated measures was used (pre-treatment, post-treatment/post-waiting list and follow-up). The dependent variables were DSM-IV Criteria for Pathological Gambling, Money Spent on Gambling During the Last Week and Gamblers Inventory of Negative Consequences. The Treatment Group improved on the DSM-IV Criteria for Pathological Gambling, but did not show a significant improvement on Money Spent on Gambling During the Last week from pre-treatment to post-treatment. Combining both groups at 3-months follow-up, there was a significant improvement on all three variables from pre-treatment to follow-up. The results of this controlled study indicate that a short-term cognitive–behavioural group treatment for pathological gamblers had an effect.";"A controlled study of the effect of cognitive–behavioural group therapy for pathological gamblers";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08039480802055139";"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ";"Myrseth, 2009";NA +"104";"Oei, 2010";"cbt";"wl";"ind";"wl";-0,395228054558313;0,249904105378533;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";142;217;37;1191;3998;28;NA;NA;2010;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"43.4";0,41;1;0;0;0;1;"Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., & Casey, L. M. (2010). Effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment program for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(2), 233-238.";"10.1017/S1352465809990701";"Background: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) program for problem gamblers (PGs) using a randomized controlled design. Method: One hundred and two PGs were randomly assigned to individual or group CBT conditions. Twenty-eight of these participants were randomly allocated to a 6-week waitlist control condition prior to receiving the designated treatment. Results: At post-treatment, there were significant improvements in all dependent variables (frequency and amount gambled, gambling urges, gambling cognitions, negative psychological states, and life satisfaction) for both the treatment conditions but not for the waitlist condition. Individuals that completed the individual (compared to group) treatment condition generally had higher effect sizes for gambling correlates. Therapeutic gains for gambling correlates were generally maintained at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: A combined motivational interviewing and CBT program applied in group or individual format can improve PG behaviors, as well as gambling correlates.";"Effectiveness of Group and Individual Formats of a Combined Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Program for Problem Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioural-and-cognitive-psychotherapy/article/abs/effectiveness-of-group-and-individual-formats-of-a-combined-motivational-interviewing-and-cognitive-behavioral-treatment-program-for-problem-gambling-a-randomized-controlled-trial/2385704CA941CA8A83223DCE2EE66B40";"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy";"Oei, 2010";NA +"105";"Oei, 2010";"cbt";"wl";"grp";"wl";-0,419504273878571;0,250208323444966;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";79;127;37;1191;3998;28;NA;NA;2010;"6";"post";"grp";"grp";"au";"46.4";0,41;1;0;0;0;1;"Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., & Casey, L. M. (2010). Effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment program for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(2), 233-238.";"10.1017/S1352465809990701";"Background: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) program for problem gamblers (PGs) using a randomized controlled design. Method: One hundred and two PGs were randomly assigned to individual or group CBT conditions. Twenty-eight of these participants were randomly allocated to a 6-week waitlist control condition prior to receiving the designated treatment. Results: At post-treatment, there were significant improvements in all dependent variables (frequency and amount gambled, gambling urges, gambling cognitions, negative psychological states, and life satisfaction) for both the treatment conditions but not for the waitlist condition. Individuals that completed the individual (compared to group) treatment condition generally had higher effect sizes for gambling correlates. Therapeutic gains for gambling correlates were generally maintained at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: A combined motivational interviewing and CBT program applied in group or individual format can improve PG behaviors, as well as gambling correlates.";"Effectiveness of Group and Individual Formats of a Combined Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Program for Problem Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioural-and-cognitive-psychotherapy/article/abs/effectiveness-of-group-and-individual-formats-of-a-combined-motivational-interviewing-and-cognitive-behavioral-treatment-program-for-problem-gambling-a-randomized-controlled-trial/2385704CA941CA8A83223DCE2EE66B40";"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy";"Oei, 2010";NA +"106";"Oei, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,0643852365067163;0,269547916086902;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";364,96;1133,1;23;313,24;401,12;32;NA;NA;2018;"7";"post";"ind";"ush";"au";"49.4";0,51;0;0;0;0;0;"Oei, T. P. S., Raylu, N., & Lai, W. W. (2018). Effectiveness of a self help cognitive behavioural treatment program for problem gamblers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 581-595.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"The study aimed to strengthen the scarce literature on self-help treatments for Problem Gambling (PG) by comparing the effectiveness of a Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (SHCBT) program (n = 23) with a 6-week Waitlist condition (n = 32) in problem gamblers. Participants were community volunteers with gambling problems and were randomly allocated to the Waitlist and treatment conditions. Results showed significant improvements at post-treatment in gambling behaviors including frequency of gambling, average amount gambled per day and PG symptoms as well as a number of gambling correlates including psychological states (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress), gambling cognitions, gambling urges, gambling related self-efficacy, satisfaction with life, and quality of life among those who completed the SHCBT program, when compared with the waitlist condition. The effect size (partial η 2) ranged from .25 to .57 for all assessed outcomes that showed significant improvement from pre- to post-treatment. It was concluded that a self-help CBT program can be beneficial for treating community problem gamblers.";"Effectiveness of a Self Help Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Program for Problem Gamblers: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Oei, 2018";NA +"107";"Petry, 2008";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,396374622356495;0,21830663315691;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";2;1;38;2,4;1;47;NA;NA;2008;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"42.6";0,38;1;1;1;1;4;"Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Ledgerwood, D. M., & Morasco, B. (2008). A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(2), 318-328.";"10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.318";"Limited research exists regarding methods for reducing problem gambling. Problem gamblers (N = 180) were randomly assigned to assessment only control, 10 min of brief advice, 1 session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET), or 1 session of MET plus 3 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Gambling was assessed at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at a 9-month follow-up. Relative to assessment only, brief advice was the only condition that significantly decreased gambling between baseline and Week 6, and it was associated with clinically significant reductions in gambling at Month 9. Between Week 6 and Month 9, MET plus cognitive-behavioral therapy evidenced significantly reduced gambling on 1 index compared with the control condition. These results suggest the efficacy of a very brief intervention for reduction of gambling among problem and pathological gamblers who are not actively seeking gambling treatment. ";"A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-03290-013";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2008";NA +"108";"Petry, 2008";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,205437234411611;0,228958482267921;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";1,8;1,5;34;2,1;1,4;42;NA;NA;2008;"30";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"42.6";0,38;1;1;1;1;4;"Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Ledgerwood, D. M., & Morasco, B. (2008). A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(2), 318-328.";"10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.318";"Limited research exists regarding methods for reducing problem gambling. Problem gamblers (N = 180) were randomly assigned to assessment only control, 10 min of brief advice, 1 session of motivational enhancement therapy (MET), or 1 session of MET plus 3 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Gambling was assessed at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at a 9-month follow-up. Relative to assessment only, brief advice was the only condition that significantly decreased gambling between baseline and Week 6, and it was associated with clinically significant reductions in gambling at Month 9. Between Week 6 and Month 9, MET plus cognitive-behavioral therapy evidenced significantly reduced gambling on 1 index compared with the control condition. These results suggest the efficacy of a very brief intervention for reduction of gambling among problem and pathological gamblers who are not actively seeking gambling treatment. ";"A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-03290-013";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2008";NA +"109";"So, 2020";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,0230466522037504;0,14199583053978;"md";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";NA;NA;96;NA;NA;101;-11974;517554;2020;"4";"post";"ind";"ind";"eas";"36.299999999999997";0,21;1;1;0;1;3;"So, R., Furukawa, T. A., Matsushita, S., Baba, T., Matsuzaki, T., Furuno, S., ... & Higuchi, S. (2020). Unguided chatbot-delivered cognitive behavioural intervention for problem gamblers through messaging app: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(4), 1391-1407.";"10.1007/s10899-020-09935-4";"Internet-delivered intervention may be an acceptable alternative for the more than 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support. Thus, we aimed to (1) develop a low-dropout unguided intervention named GAMBOT integrated with a messaging app; and (2) investigate its effect. The present study was a randomised, quadruple-blind, controlled trial. We set pre-to-post change in the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) as the primary outcome and pre-to-post change in the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) as a secondary outcome. Daily monitoring, personalised feedback, and private messages based on cognitive behavioural theory were offered to participants in the intervention group through a messaging app for 28 days (GAMBOT). Participants in the control group received biweekly messages only for assessments for 28 days (assessments only). A total of 197 problem gamblers were included in the primary analysis. We failed to demonstrate a significant between-group difference in the primary outcome (PGSI − 1.14, 95% CI − 2.75 to 0.47, p = 0.162) but in the secondary outcome (G-SAS − 3.14, 95% CI − 0.24 to − 6.04, p = 0.03). Only 6.7% of the participants dropped out during follow-up and 77% of the GAMBOT group participants (74/96) continued to participate in the intervention throughout the 28-day period. Integrating intervention into a chatbot feature on a frequently used messaging app shows promise in helping to overcome the high dropout rate of unguided internet-delivered interventions. More effective and sophisticated contents delivered by a chatbot should be sought to engage over 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support.";"Unguided Chatbot-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Problem Gamblers Through Messaging App: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-020-09935-4";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"So, 2020";NA +"110";"Sylvain, 1997";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-0,989113416021983;0,383833504415848;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";8,57;23,16;14;188;243,84;15;NA;NA;1997;"NA";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"40.200000000000003";0;0;0;0;0;0;"Sylvain, C., Ladouceur, R., & Boisvert, J. M. (1997). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study. Journal of consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 727-732.";"10.1037/0022-006X.65.5.727";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment package for pathological gambling. Twenty-nine men who met criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised; DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control. The treatment included 4 components: (a) cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions about gambling, (b) problem-solving training, (c) social skills training, and (d) relapse prevention. The dependent variables were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and number of DSM-III-R criteria met by participants. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed and focus on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions of gambling. ";"Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: A controlled study.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006x.65.5.727";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Sylvain, 1997";NA +"111";"Wong, 2015";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0;0,350022053495501;"msd";"gambling";"intensity";"intensity";2,6;2,41;15;2,6;2,41;16;NA;NA;2015;"10";"post";"grp";"grp";"eas";"NA";0;0;0;0;1;1;"Wong, D. F. K., Chung, C. L. P., Wu, J., Tang, J., & Lau, P. (2015). A preliminary study of an integrated and culturally attuned cognitive behavioral group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(3), 1015-1027.";"10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Chinese people may have a higher rate of gambling problems than other cultural groups. However, there are very few clinical outcome studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of clinical interventions for helping Chinese gamblers. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective for helping problem gamblers to significantly reduce their gambling problems in western countries. Very few CBT clinical trials have been conducted with the Chinese populations, and the results were masked by methodological limitations. This preliminary study attempted to test the effectiveness of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. This study adopted a randomized control design and 38 participants were allocated randomly to the experimental condition (n = 18) and control condition (n = 20). The experimental group received 10 weekly CBT group sessions and individual counseling services while control group only received the individual counseling services. Significant decreases in gambling severity and frequencies of gambling were found in the experimental group. The findings also showed that a change in gambling cognitions predicted the changes in gambling severity and gambling urge while a change in gambling severity was also linked to a change in depression. Preliminary evidence highlights the potential benefits of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. However, a more vigorous research design with a larger sample is needed to provide solid evidence of the effectiveness of the model for Chinese problem gamblers.";"A Preliminary Study of an Integrated and Culturally Attuned Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment for Chinese Problem Gamblers in Hong Kong";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Wong, 2015";NA +"112";"Carlbring, 2010";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,153596025670556;0,412050712262103;"msd";"su";NA;"igd";2,12;4,91;8;1,56;2,77;18;NA;NA;2010;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"40.5";0,16;1;1;0;0;2;"Carlbring, P., Jonsson, J., Josephson, H., & Forsberg, L. (2010). Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(2), 92-103.";"10.1080/16506070903190245";"Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150 primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control. Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and 6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time. Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome and compliance.";"Motivational Interviewing Versus Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16506070903190245";"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ";"Carlbring, 2010";NA +"113";"Carlbring, 2008";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,34433394333413;0,270062936997221;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"nods";1,97;2,94;34;5,84;2,74;32;NA;NA;2008;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"31.9";0,06;1;1;0;1;3;"Carlbring, P., & Smit, F. (2008). Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 1090-1094.";"10.1037/a0013603";"Although effective therapies for pathological gambling exist, their uptake is limited to 10% of the target population. To lower the barriers for help seeking, the authors tested an online alternative in a randomized trial (N = 66). The participants were pathological gamblers not presenting with severe comorbid depression. A wait-list control was compared with an 8-week Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy program with minimal therapist contact via e-mail and weekly telephone calls of less than 15 min. Average time spent on each participant, including phone conversations, e-mail, and administration, was 4 hr. The Internet-based intervention resulted in favorable changes in pathological gambling, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Composite between-group effect size (Cohen's d) at posttreatment was 0.83. Follow-ups carried out in the treatment group at 6, 18, and 36 months indicated that treatment effects were sustained (ds = 2.58, 1.96, and 1.98). This evidence is in support of Internet-delivered treatment for pathological gamblers. However, it is not clear how effective the treatment is for more severely depressed individuals.";"Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-16943-010";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Carlbring, 2008";NA +"114";"Carlbring, 2010";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,44298500494536;0,270271735080081;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"nods";2,07;2,68;30;1;1,96;25;NA;NA;2010;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"40.5";0,16;1;1;0;1;3;"Carlbring, P., Jonsson, J., Josephson, H., & Forsberg, L. (2010). Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(2), 92-103.";"10.1080/16506070903190245";"Pathological gambling is a widespread problem with major implications for society and the individual. There are effective treatments, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of different treatments. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and a no-treatment control (wait-list) in the treatment of pathological gambling. This was done in a randomized controlled trial at an outpatient dependency clinic at Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden). A total of 150 primarily self-recruited patients with current gambling problems or pathological gambling according to an NORC DSM-IV screen for gambling problems were randomized to four individual sessions of motivational interviewing (MI), eight sessions of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), or a no-treatment wait-list control. Gambling-related measures derived from timeline follow-back as well as general levels of anxiety and depression were administered at baseline, termination, and 6 and 12 months posttermination. Treatment showed superiority in some areas over the no-treatment control in the short term, including the primary outcome measure. No differences were found between MI and CBGT at any point in time. Instead, both MI and CBGT produced significant within-group decreases on most outcome measures up to the 12-month follow-up. Both forms of intervention are promising treatments, but there is room for improvement in terms of both outcome and compliance.";"Motivational Interviewing Versus Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial";"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16506070903190245";"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ";"Carlbring, 2010";NA +"115";"So, 2020";"cbt";"ao";NA;NA;-0,0984917394707338;0,142077755714146;"md";"gambling";"severity";"pgsi";NA;NA;96;NA;NA;101;-1,14;11,53;2020;"4";"post";"ind";"ind";"eas";"36.299999999999997";0,21;1;1;0;1;3;"So, R., Furukawa, T. A., Matsushita, S., Baba, T., Matsuzaki, T., Furuno, S., ... & Higuchi, S. (2020). Unguided chatbot-delivered cognitive behavioural intervention for problem gamblers through messaging app: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(4), 1391-1407.";"10.1007/s10899-020-09935-4";"Internet-delivered intervention may be an acceptable alternative for the more than 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support. Thus, we aimed to (1) develop a low-dropout unguided intervention named GAMBOT integrated with a messaging app; and (2) investigate its effect. The present study was a randomised, quadruple-blind, controlled trial. We set pre-to-post change in the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) as the primary outcome and pre-to-post change in the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) as a secondary outcome. Daily monitoring, personalised feedback, and private messages based on cognitive behavioural theory were offered to participants in the intervention group through a messaging app for 28 days (GAMBOT). Participants in the control group received biweekly messages only for assessments for 28 days (assessments only). A total of 197 problem gamblers were included in the primary analysis. We failed to demonstrate a significant between-group difference in the primary outcome (PGSI − 1.14, 95% CI − 2.75 to 0.47, p = 0.162) but in the secondary outcome (G-SAS − 3.14, 95% CI − 0.24 to − 6.04, p = 0.03). Only 6.7% of the participants dropped out during follow-up and 77% of the GAMBOT group participants (74/96) continued to participate in the intervention throughout the 28-day period. Integrating intervention into a chatbot feature on a frequently used messaging app shows promise in helping to overcome the high dropout rate of unguided internet-delivered interventions. More effective and sophisticated contents delivered by a chatbot should be sought to engage over 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support.";"Unguided Chatbot-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Problem Gamblers Through Messaging App: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-020-09935-4";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"So, 2020";NA +"116";"Carlbring, 2008";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,716870807000005;0,25126885086453;"msd";"qol";NA;"qoli";2,58;1,29;34;1,47;1,75;32;NA;NA;2008;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"eu";"31.9";0,06;1;1;0;1;3;"Carlbring, P., & Smit, F. (2008). Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 1090-1094.";"10.1037/a0013603";"Although effective therapies for pathological gambling exist, their uptake is limited to 10% of the target population. To lower the barriers for help seeking, the authors tested an online alternative in a randomized trial (N = 66). The participants were pathological gamblers not presenting with severe comorbid depression. A wait-list control was compared with an 8-week Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy program with minimal therapist contact via e-mail and weekly telephone calls of less than 15 min. Average time spent on each participant, including phone conversations, e-mail, and administration, was 4 hr. The Internet-based intervention resulted in favorable changes in pathological gambling, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Composite between-group effect size (Cohen's d) at posttreatment was 0.83. Follow-ups carried out in the treatment group at 6, 18, and 36 months indicated that treatment effects were sustained (ds = 2.58, 1.96, and 1.98). This evidence is in support of Internet-delivered treatment for pathological gamblers. However, it is not clear how effective the treatment is for more severely depressed individuals.";"Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-16943-010";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Carlbring, 2008";NA +"117";"Grant, 2009";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0,573384326521997;0,244859958478863;"msd";"qol";NA;"qoli";40,9;12,4;33;32,6;15,9;35;NA;NA;2009;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"48.7";0,63;0;0;0;1;1;"Grant, J. E., Donahue, C. B., Odlaug, B. L., Kim, S. W., Miller, M. J., & Petry, N. M. (2009). Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(3), 266-267.";"10.1192/bjp.bp.108.062414";"Sixty-eight individuals were randomised to either six sessions of imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing (IDMI) or Gamblers Anonymous. Individuals assigned to IDMI had significantly greater reductions in Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling total scores, gambling urges and gambling behaviour. People who failed to respond to Gamblers Anonymous reported significantly greater reduction in pathological gambling symptoms following later assignment to IDMI. Abstinence was achieved by 63.6% during the acute IDMI treatment period.";"Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/imaginal-desensitisation-plus-motivational-interviewing-for-pathological-gambling-randomised-controlled-trial/7A2F7986A04C4DDE62C30BDD38B4258F";"The British Journal of Psychiatry";"Grant, 2009";NA +"118";"Casey, 2017";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-1,10101495904128;0,272997519657883;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";3;3,61;24;7,53;4,31;40;NA;NA;2017;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44.5";0,58;1;0;0;0;1;"Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., Horrigan, K., Day, J., Ireland, M., & Clough, B. A. (2017). Internet-based delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy compared to monitoring, feedback and support for problem gambling: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of gambling studies, 33(3), 993-1010.";"10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.";"Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring, Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Casey, 2017";NA +"119";"Ede, 2020";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-4,34209239528654;0,57596704908725;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";24,57;1,64;20;59,44;11,01;20;NA;NA;2020;"8";"post";"grp";"grp";"oth";"23";0,3;1;1;0;1;3;"Ede, M. O., Omeje, J. C., Ncheke, D. C., Agah, J. J., Chinweuba, N. H., & Amoke, C. V. (2020). Assessment of the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural therapy in reducing pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(4), 1325-1339.";"10.1007/s10899-020-09981-y";"Pathological gambling is a developmental disorder usually associated with a continuous loss of control over gambling; it also involves a preoccupation with gambling and with obtaining money for the same purpose of gambling, irrational thinking, and a continuation of the behaviour despite being aware of its adverse consequences. This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (GCBT) on pathological gambling among Nigerian students. The study used a group randomised controlled trial design to assign participants to intervention and control groups. A total of 40 undergraduate students, aged 18–30, were classified as pathological gamblers (participants) in this study. Participants completed self-report scales titled South oaks gambling screen and Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale at three-time points. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The data collected were statistically analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results revealed that GCBT has a significant effect in decreasing the symptoms of pathological gambling among the participants in GCBT compared to those in the control group and that the improvements were maintained at follow-up. The study concluded that group cognitive-behavioural therapy is impactful therapy in reducing pathological gambling among students. It has also validated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy in altering erroneous thoughts and replacing it with a better alternative realistic way of thinking.";"Assessment of the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Reducing Pathological Gambling";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-020-09981-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Ede, 2020";NA +"120";"Ede, 2020";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-3,64583705453902;0,512071830774094;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";23,62;1,81;20;54,89;11,75;20;NA;NA;2020;"4";"follow up";"grp";"grp";"oth";"23";0,3;1;1;0;1;3;"Ede, M. O., Omeje, J. C., Ncheke, D. C., Agah, J. J., Chinweuba, N. H., & Amoke, C. V. (2020). Assessment of the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural therapy in reducing pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(4), 1325-1339.";"10.1007/s10899-020-09981-y";"Pathological gambling is a developmental disorder usually associated with a continuous loss of control over gambling; it also involves a preoccupation with gambling and with obtaining money for the same purpose of gambling, irrational thinking, and a continuation of the behaviour despite being aware of its adverse consequences. This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioural therapy (GCBT) on pathological gambling among Nigerian students. The study used a group randomised controlled trial design to assign participants to intervention and control groups. A total of 40 undergraduate students, aged 18–30, were classified as pathological gamblers (participants) in this study. Participants completed self-report scales titled South oaks gambling screen and Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale at three-time points. The intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The data collected were statistically analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results revealed that GCBT has a significant effect in decreasing the symptoms of pathological gambling among the participants in GCBT compared to those in the control group and that the improvements were maintained at follow-up. The study concluded that group cognitive-behavioural therapy is impactful therapy in reducing pathological gambling among students. It has also validated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy in altering erroneous thoughts and replacing it with a better alternative realistic way of thinking.";"Assessment of the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Reducing Pathological Gambling";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-020-09981-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Ede, 2020";NA +"121";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"f2f";"cau";-0,406022920047565;0,182792811929039;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";2,9;3,6;70;4,5;4,3;53;NA;NA;2006;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"45.2";0,46;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"122";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";-0,021628587394777;0,179887799884191;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";4,6;4,8;72;4,5;4,3;53;NA;NA;2006;"8";"post";"ind";"ush";"us";"44.3";0,47;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"123";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"f2f";"cau";-0,107525431080019;0,189931901131316;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";4,9;4,5;70;5,4;4,8;45;NA;NA;2006;"40";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"45.2";0,46;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"124";"Petry, 2006";"cbt";"cau";"wb";"cau";0,127273026532626;0,192179554074158;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";6;4,6;66;5,4;4,8;45;NA;NA;2006;"40";"follow up";"ind";"ush";"us";"44.3";0,47;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Ammerman, Y., Bohl, J., Doersch, A., Gay, H., Kadden, R., ... & Steinberg, K. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 555-567.";"10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.555";"Few studies have evaluated efficacy of psychotherapies for pathological gambling. Pathological gamblers (N = 231) were randomly assigned to (a) referral to Gamblers Anonymous (GA), (b) GA referral plus a cognitive- behavioral (CB) workbook, or (c) GA referral plus 8 sessions of individual CB therapy. Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline, 1 month later, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CB treatment reduced gambling relative to GA referral alone during the treatment period and resulted in clinically significant improvements, with some effects maintained throughout follow-up ( ps = .05). Individual CB therapy improved some outcomes compared with the CB workbook. Attendance at GA and number of CB therapy sessions or workbook exercises completed were associated with gambling abstinence. These data suggest the efficacy of this CB therapy approach.";"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006X.74.3.555";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2006";NA +"125";"Petry, 2016";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,227403769487848;0,168407583046404;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";5;3,6;75;5,7;2,3;66;NA;NA;2016;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"41.9";0,28;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Rash, C. J., & Alessi, S. M. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions for problem gambling in substance abuse treatment patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(10), 874-886.";"10.1037/ccp0000127";"Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of brief gambling treatments in patients attending substance abuse treatment clinics. Method: Substance abuse treatment patients with gambling problems (N = 217) were randomly assigned to a 10- to 15-min brief psychoeducation gambling intervention; a 10- to 15-min brief advice intervention addressing gambling norms, risk factors, and methods to prevent additional problems; or 4 50-min sessions of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behavior therapy for reducing gambling (MET + CBT). Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline and throughout 24 months. Results: In the sample as a whole, days and dollars wagered and gambling problems decreased markedly from baseline through Month 5; thereafter, reductions in dollars wagered and gambling problems continued to decrease modestly but significantly, and days gambled remained constant. Brief advice significantly reduced days gambled between baseline and Month 5 relative to brief psychoeducation. The MET + CBT condition engendered no benefit beyond brief advice in terms of days gambled but did lead to more precipitous reductions in dollars gambled and problems experienced in the initial 5 months, and greater clinically significant improvements in gambling in both the short and long term. MET + CBT also resulted in initial decreases in self-reported alcohol use and problems but did not differentially impact self-reported illicit drug use or submission of positive samples. Conclusions: Gambling problems tend to dissipate over time regardless of the intervention applied, but offering MET + CBT was more efficacious in decreasing gambling than providing a brief single session intervention.";"A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions for problem gambling in substance abuse treatment patients.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-33917-001";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2016";NA +"126";"Petry, 2016";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;0;0,176672910972061;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";1;1,8;67;1;1,8;60;NA;NA;2016;"88";"follow up";"ind";"ind";"us";"41.9";0,28;1;0;0;1;2;"Petry, N. M., Rash, C. J., & Alessi, S. M. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions for problem gambling in substance abuse treatment patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(10), 874-886.";"10.1037/ccp0000127";"Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of brief gambling treatments in patients attending substance abuse treatment clinics. Method: Substance abuse treatment patients with gambling problems (N = 217) were randomly assigned to a 10- to 15-min brief psychoeducation gambling intervention; a 10- to 15-min brief advice intervention addressing gambling norms, risk factors, and methods to prevent additional problems; or 4 50-min sessions of motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behavior therapy for reducing gambling (MET + CBT). Gambling and related problems were assessed at baseline and throughout 24 months. Results: In the sample as a whole, days and dollars wagered and gambling problems decreased markedly from baseline through Month 5; thereafter, reductions in dollars wagered and gambling problems continued to decrease modestly but significantly, and days gambled remained constant. Brief advice significantly reduced days gambled between baseline and Month 5 relative to brief psychoeducation. The MET + CBT condition engendered no benefit beyond brief advice in terms of days gambled but did lead to more precipitous reductions in dollars gambled and problems experienced in the initial 5 months, and greater clinically significant improvements in gambling in both the short and long term. MET + CBT also resulted in initial decreases in self-reported alcohol use and problems but did not differentially impact self-reported illicit drug use or submission of positive samples. Conclusions: Gambling problems tend to dissipate over time regardless of the intervention applied, but offering MET + CBT was more efficacious in decreasing gambling than providing a brief single session intervention.";"A randomized controlled trial of brief interventions for problem gambling in substance abuse treatment patients.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-33917-001";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Petry, 2016";NA +"127";"Sylvain, 1997";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;-2,63105712917571;0,499812887329131;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";2,7;3,7;14;13;3,9;15;NA;NA;1997;"NA";"post";"ind";"ind";"can";"40.200000000000003";0;0;0;0;0;0;"Sylvain, C., Ladouceur, R., & Boisvert, J. M. (1997). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study. Journal of consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 727-732.";"10.1037/0022-006X.65.5.727";"This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment package for pathological gambling. Twenty-nine men who met criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised; DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control. The treatment included 4 components: (a) cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions about gambling, (b) problem-solving training, (c) social skills training, and (d) relapse prevention. The dependent variables were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and number of DSM-III-R criteria met by participants. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed and focus on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions of gambling. ";"Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: A controlled study.";"https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-006x.65.5.727";"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology";"Sylvain, 1997";NA +"128";"Wong, 2015";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-0,00345546728562018;0,350022328599122;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"sogs";10,4;5,22;15;10,38;6;16;NA;NA;2015;"10";"post";"grp";"grp";"eas";"NA";0;0;0;0;1;1;"Wong, D. F. K., Chung, C. L. P., Wu, J., Tang, J., & Lau, P. (2015). A preliminary study of an integrated and culturally attuned cognitive behavioral group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(3), 1015-1027.";"10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Chinese people may have a higher rate of gambling problems than other cultural groups. However, there are very few clinical outcome studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of clinical interventions for helping Chinese gamblers. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective for helping problem gamblers to significantly reduce their gambling problems in western countries. Very few CBT clinical trials have been conducted with the Chinese populations, and the results were masked by methodological limitations. This preliminary study attempted to test the effectiveness of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. This study adopted a randomized control design and 38 participants were allocated randomly to the experimental condition (n = 18) and control condition (n = 20). The experimental group received 10 weekly CBT group sessions and individual counseling services while control group only received the individual counseling services. Significant decreases in gambling severity and frequencies of gambling were found in the experimental group. The findings also showed that a change in gambling cognitions predicted the changes in gambling severity and gambling urge while a change in gambling severity was also linked to a change in depression. Preliminary evidence highlights the potential benefits of an integrated and culturally attuned CBT group treatment for Chinese problem gamblers in Hong Kong. However, a more vigorous research design with a larger sample is needed to provide solid evidence of the effectiveness of the model for Chinese problem gamblers.";"A Preliminary Study of an Integrated and Culturally Attuned Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment for Chinese Problem Gamblers in Hong Kong";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-014-9457-2";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Wong, 2015";NA +"129";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"ind";"wl";-0,554324919292488;0,362624562530987;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"stai-s";52,1;14,1;12;61,7;18,3;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"130";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"grp";"wl";-0,388492060692419;0,33695760465745;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"stai-s";55,3;12,5;15;61,7;18,3;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"grp";"grp";"au";"43.6";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"131";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"ind";"wl";-0,696742654583189;0,366443099799817;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"stai-t";54,7;15;12;66,3;16,9;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"132";"Dowling, 2007";"cbt";"wl";"grp";"wl";-0,196192204450678;0,334565714523432;"msd";"anxiety";NA;"stai-t";63,2;13,2;15;66,3;16,9;20;NA;NA;2007;"12";"post";"grp";"grp";"au";"43.6";1;0;0;0;1;1;"Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2007). A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2192-2202.";"10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.003";"The current study aimed to determine the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for female pathological gamblers delivered in individual and group format. Fifty-six female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine gambling problems were randomly assigned to the control (waiting list) group or one of the treatment groups (individual or group treatment). Treatment comprised a 12-session program including financial limit setting, alternative activity planning, cognitive correction, problem solving, communication training, relapse prevention, and imaginal desensitisation. Treatment outcome was evaluated with conceptually related measures within the areas of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. While individual and group treatment formats generally produced comparable outcomes in terms of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning, group treatment failed to produce superior outcomes to the control group in relation to several measures of psychological functioning. Moreover, by the completion of the six-month follow-up, 92% of the gamblers allocated to individual treatment compared with 60% allocated to group treatment no longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. These findings suggest that some caution should be employed when delivering cognitive-behavioural treatment in a group format until further research is conducted to establish its efficacy.";"A comparison of individual and group cognitive-behavioural treatment for female pathological gambling";"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796706002671";"Behaviour Research and Therapy";"Dowling, 2007";NA +"133";"Casey, 2017";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,135661463209576;0,282430213264678;"msd";"qol";NA;"swlq";12,28;26,33;18;7,92;33,87;38;NA;NA;2017;"6";"post";"ind";"ind";"au";"44.5";0,58;1;0;0;0;1;"Casey, L. M., Oei, T. P., Raylu, N., Horrigan, K., Day, J., Ireland, M., & Clough, B. A. (2017). Internet-based delivery of cognitive behaviour therapy compared to monitoring, feedback and support for problem gambling: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of gambling studies, 33(3), 993-1010.";"10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.";"Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring, Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-016-9666-y";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Casey, 2017";NA +"134";"Oei, 2018";"cbt";"wl";NA;NA;0,214350078253041;0,270251889148458;"msd";"qol";NA;"whoqol";80,29;21,47;23;76,63;12,54;32;NA;NA;2018;"7";"post";"ind";"ush";"au";"49.4";0,51;0;0;0;0;0;"Oei, T. P. S., Raylu, N., & Lai, W. W. (2018). Effectiveness of a self help cognitive behavioural treatment program for problem gamblers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 581-595.";"10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"The study aimed to strengthen the scarce literature on self-help treatments for Problem Gambling (PG) by comparing the effectiveness of a Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (SHCBT) program (n = 23) with a 6-week Waitlist condition (n = 32) in problem gamblers. Participants were community volunteers with gambling problems and were randomly allocated to the Waitlist and treatment conditions. Results showed significant improvements at post-treatment in gambling behaviors including frequency of gambling, average amount gambled per day and PG symptoms as well as a number of gambling correlates including psychological states (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress), gambling cognitions, gambling urges, gambling related self-efficacy, satisfaction with life, and quality of life among those who completed the SHCBT program, when compared with the waitlist condition. The effect size (partial η 2) ranged from .25 to .57 for all assessed outcomes that showed significant improvement from pre- to post-treatment. It was concluded that a self-help CBT program can be beneficial for treating community problem gamblers.";"Effectiveness of a Self Help Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Program for Problem Gamblers: A Randomised Controlled Trial";"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-017-9723-1";"Journal of Gambling Studies";"Oei, 2018";NA +"135";"Grant, 2009";"cbt";"cau";NA;NA;-1,16246598308992;0,259759898698226;"msd";"gambling";"severity";"ybocs";9;7,78;33;18,1;7,7;35;NA;NA;2009;"8";"post";"ind";"ind";"us";"48.7";0,63;0;0;0;1;1;"Grant, J. E., Donahue, C. B., Odlaug, B. L., Kim, S. W., Miller, M. J., & Petry, N. M. (2009). Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(3), 266-267.";"10.1192/bjp.bp.108.062414";"Sixty-eight individuals were randomised to either six sessions of imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing (IDMI) or Gamblers Anonymous. Individuals assigned to IDMI had significantly greater reductions in Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling total scores, gambling urges and gambling behaviour. People who failed to respond to Gamblers Anonymous reported significantly greater reduction in pathological gambling symptoms following later assignment to IDMI. Abstinence was achieved by 63.6% during the acute IDMI treatment period.";"Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial";"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/imaginal-desensitisation-plus-motivational-interviewing-for-pathological-gambling-randomised-controlled-trial/7A2F7986A04C4DDE62C30BDD38B4258F";"The British Journal of Psychiatry";"Grant, 2009";NA