-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 1
/
Copy pathchem.html
638 lines (532 loc) · 21.2 KB
/
chem.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
<meta name="description" content="jeremy laratro">
<meta name="keywords" content="jeremy laratro, jeremy, laratro, google, jobs, usf, cybersecurity, pentesting, information technology, software">
<meta name="author" content="Jeremy Laratro">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Computer Science</title>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin/>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Prompt:wght@100;400;900&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-QJPZ59GWQP"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-QJPZ59GWQP');
</script>
<script>
(function() {
if (screen.width < 800) {
// Create popup div
var popup = document.createElement('div');
popup.id = 'mobileWarning';
popup.style.position = 'fixed';
popup.style.top = '50%';
popup.style.left = '50%';
popup.style.transform = 'translate(-50%, -50%)';
popup.style.padding = '20px';
popup.style.backgroundColor = '#ffcc00';
popup.style.border = '1px solid #000';
popup.style.zIndex = '1000';
popup.style.boxShadow = '0px 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)';
popup.innerHTML = '<p>This site is not optimized for mobile use.</p>';
// Create OK button
var okButton = document.createElement('button');
okButton.textContent = 'OK';
okButton.onclick = function() {
popup.style.display = 'none';
};
popup.appendChild(okButton);
// Append popup to body
document.body.appendChild(popup);
// Auto disappear after 3 seconds
setTimeout(function() {
popup.style.display = 'none';
}, 3000);
}
})();
</script>
<style>
.background6 {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: fixed;
border-radius: 16px;
overflow: scroll;
background: url('.images/blob-scene-haikei(3).svg') no-repeat bottom / cover;
}
.rfbackground {
background: url('images/blob-scene-haikei(3).svg') no-repeat bottom / cover;
}
.testbutton {
color: #14396A !important;
font-size: 14px;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 0 #7CACDE;
box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #BEE2F9;
padding: 10px 25px;
border-radius: 15px;
}
.testbutton:hover {
color: #14396A !important;
background: #468CCF;
background: linear-gradient(to top, #031C2F, #590026);
}
.container {
margin: 20px auto;
/*padding: 1.5rem;*/
border-radius: 5px;
background: #17141d;
box-shadow: 1rem 0 2rem #000;
display: flow;
}
h5 {
font-size: 14px;
word-spacing: 10px;
display: inline;
flex-grow: inherit;
color: #7a7a8c;
text-decoration: transparent;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 0 #28242f;
grid-row: auto;
}
.active, card.collapsible:hover {
background-color: #ccc;
}
button.container.collapsible:hover {
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #a5e2ff, #ffffff);
text-shadow: 0 0 .25rem #a5e2ff;
/*-webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;*/
-webkit-background-clip: text;
background-clip: text;
}
button.container.collapsible:hover {
color: #14396A !important;
background: #468CCF;
background: linear-gradient(to top, #031C2F, #590026);
}
/* Style the collapsible content. Note: hidden by default */
card.content {
padding: 0 18px;
display: none;
overflow: hidden;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
.container.collapsible {
cursor: pointer;
border: none;
text-align: left;
outline: none;
font-size: 15px;
margin: 20px auto;
padding: 1.5rem;
border-radius: 15px;
background: #17141d;
box-shadow: 1rem 0 2rem #000;
}
.container.content {
padding: 0 18px;
color: #eee;
display: show;
justify-self: center;
background: #17141d center;
position: center;
}
.container {
height: auto;
width: 80%;
padding: 3%;
border-radius: 20px;
background: #17141d;
}
.parent {
grid-template-columns: 1fr 0.5fr 1fr 0.25fr 1fr;
grid-template-rows: 0.1fr 1fr 0.1fr 0.5fr 0fr;
grid-column-gap: 0;
grid-row-gap: 0;
}
.div1 {
grid-area: 1 / 2 / 2 / 3;
}
.div2 {
grid-area: 1 / 2 / 3 / 5;
}
.div3 {
grid-area: 1 / 4 / 2 / 5;
}
.div4 {
grid-area: 2 / 2 / 3 / 3;
}
.div5 {
grid-area: 2 / 3 / 3 / 4;
}
.div6 {
grid-area: 2 / 4 / 3 / 5;
}
}
.header h2 {
font-size: 150%;
margin: .25rem 0 auto;
text-decoration: none;
color: #d4d4d4;
border: 0;
display: flow-root;
cursor: pointer;
position: center;
}
.header h3 {
font-size: 150%;
margin: .25rem 0 auto;
text-decoration: none;
color: #d4d4d4;
border: 0;
display: flow-root;
cursor: pointer;
}
.container.hardware {
word-wrap: break-word;
}
.background6 {
.parent.hardware.inner {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: repeat(5, 1fr);
grid-column-gap: 0;
grid-row-gap: 0;
}
.div1.h {
grid-area: 1 / 2 / 2 / 5;
}
.div2.h {
grid-area: 2 / 2 / 3 / 3;
}
.div3.h {
grid-area: 2 / 3 / 3 / 4;
}
.div4.h {
grid-area: 2 / 4 / 3 / 5;
}
.div5.h {
grid-area: 3 / 2 / 4 / 3;
}
.div6.h {
grid-area: 3 / 3 / 4 / 4;
}
}
.parent.hard.top {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
grid-column-gap: 0;
grid-row-gap: 0;
height: 5%;
}
.div1.hard.top {
grid-area: 1 / 1 / 5 / 2;
}
.div2.hard.top {
grid-area: 2 / 1 / 2 / 2;
}
.div3.hard.top {
grid-area: 1 / 2 / 2 / 3;
}
.div4.hard.top {
grid-area: 2 / 2 / 3 / 3;
}
.div5.hard.top {
grid-area: 3 / 2 / 4 / 3;
}
.div6.hard.top {
grid-area: 4 / 2 / 5 / 3;
}
.div7.hard.top {
grid-area: 3 / 1 / 3 / 1;
}
.div8.hard.top {
grid-area: 4 / 1 / 4 / 1;
}
.container.top {
height: auto;
width: 90%;
padding: 0%;
border-radius: 20px;
background: #17141d;
}
.container.main {
height: auto;
width: %;
padding: 0%;
border-radius: 20px;
background: #17141d;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 150%;
color: #eeee;
margin: auto;
}
h3 {
font-size: 150%;
color: #eee;
}
p {
color: #eee;
font-size: 125%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body style="overflow: scroll">
<div id="website-container">
<section class="background6" style="position: absolute">
<!-- <div class="grid-item">-->
<div class="container main" style="text-align: center;padding: 0">
<div class="parent hard top" style="height: 5%";>
<div class="div1 hard top">
<div class="card-header">
</div>
</div>
<div class="div2 hard top">
</div>
<div class="div1 hard top">
<div class="container top" style="text-align: center">
<div class="rfbackground" style="margin: 0; display:fit-content">
<div class="card-header">
<div class="testbutton">
<a href="index" target="_blank">Home</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div4 hard top">
<div class="container top" style="text-align: center">
<div class="rfbackground" style="margin: 0; display:fit-content">
<div class="card-header">
<div class="testbutton">
<a href="about" target="_blank">About | Contact </a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div5 hard top">
<div class="container top" style="text-align: center">
<div class="rfbackground" style="margin: 0; display:fit-content">
<div class="card-header">
<div class="testbutton">
<a href="chem" target="_blank">Chemistry</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div6 hard top">
<div class="container top" style="text-align: center">
<div class="rfbackground" style="margin: 0; display:fit-content">
<div class="card-header">
<div class="testbutton">
<a href="radio" target="_blank">Radio</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div7 hard top">
<div class="container top" style="text-align: center">
<div class="rfbackground" style="margin: 0; display:fit-content">
<div class="card-header">
<div class="testbutton">
<a href="hardware" target="_blank">Hardware </a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div8 hard top">
<div class="container top" style="text-align: center">
<div class="rfbackground" style="margin: 0; display:fit-content">
<div class="card-header">
<div class="testbutton">
<a href="photo" target="_blank">Photography </a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button class="container collapsible">
<span class="card-header">
<h2 style="size: 100%">Inorganic Chemistry</h2>
</span>
</button>
<!-- <div class="container content">-->
<div class="card-header" style="display: show">
<button class="container collapsible" style="display: show;">
<span class="card-header">
<h2>The Element Collection: Extracting Bromine from Sodium Bromide</h2>
</span>
</button>
<div class="container content" style="display: show;">
<h2> Bromine </h2>
<br>
<h5>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</h5>
<p> Please do not try this at home. </p>
<p><span class="p b" style="font-weight: bold;">2NaBr + H2SO4 + H2O2 = Br2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O</span></p>
<p>
Bromine is a halogen, with symbol Br and atomic number 35. Bromine is quite toxic and extreme caution
must be used
when handling it. Because of this, many labs have transitioned to producing bromine in-situ when
performing addition
reactions or multistep reactions where bromine is necessary or preferred. Due to the nature of Bromine,
it is
extremely useful in a wide array of reactions, including substitution, elimination, and addition
reactions where a bromine is needed,
or where a bromine is added in order to then be used as a leaving group in multistep syntheses (i.e.
forming alkenes or alkynes, or vice versa).
</p>
<p>
All proper safety precautions were taken when performing the reaction including full PPE, a fume hood,
as well as a sufficient amount of sodium thiosulfate in order
to neutralize any bromine in the case of excess product, spills, or any other unforeseen issue.
</p>
<p>
The extraction of bromine from NaBr was performed via simple distillation.
</p>
<p><span class="p b" style="font-weight: bold;">Reaents and stoichiometry:
</span></p>
<p>
1. Sodium Bromide (NaBr): 70g </p>
<p> 2. Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4): 20mL</p>
<p> 3. Water (H2O): 35mL</p>
<p> 4. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2): 30mL (~35%)
</p>
<p><span class="p b" style="font-weight: bold;">Experimental Conditions:</span></p>
<p>A simple distillation setup was used with some modifications. Specifically, a 3-neck round bottom flask
was connected to a Liebig condensor, and a vacuum adapter was fitted between the
condensor and the receiving flask. An inverted funnel trap was employed at the vacuum adapter port,
leading to concentrated sodium thiosulfate solution to
neutralize any excess vapors. </p>
<p>
70g of NaBr and 35mL of H2O were added to a 3-neck round bottom flask, followed by 20mL of H2SO4. An
addition funnel containing
30mL of H2O2 was then added to the reaction vessel, and the H2O2 was added at a rate of ~1 drop per 2
seconds. This immediately resulted in Br2 formation within the reaction vessel.
The reaction was allowed to proceed for about two hours, in which time a sufficient amount of Br2 was
collected.</p>
<p> The bromine was then safely stored within ampoules. The ampoules were created using glass test tubes,
heated with a torch and
carefully stretched to form a neck. The bromine was then added carefully using a glass funnel, and the
test tube was fully sealed.
For added safety, the ampoules were stored within a larger teflon vessel.
</p>
<div class="card paragraph" style="width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="category_photos/20211114_172541.jpg" alt="bromine, ampouled, jeremy laratro" style="width: 25%;">
</div>
</div>
<button class="container collapsible 2" style="display: show;">
<span class="card-header">
<h2>The Element Collection: Extracting Iodine from Potassium Iodide</h2>
</span>
</button>
<div class="container content">
<p>
<span class="p b" style="font-weight: bold;">Extraction of elemental Idione</span>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">Iodine subliming in test tube, producing characteristic purple gas</p>
<div class="card paragraph" style="width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="category_photos/20211120_163749.jpg" alt="bromine, ampouled, jeremy laratro" style="width:25%">
</div>
<p style="text-align: center">Iodine crystal deposition after sublimation</p>
<div class="card paragraph">
<img src="category_photos/20211120_154301.jpg" alt="bromine, ampouled, jeremy laratro"
style="width:100%">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button class="container collapsible" style="display: show">
<span class="card-header">
<h2>Organic Chemistry</h2>
</span>
</button>
<div class="container content" style="display: show">
<div class="container inside" style="display: show" ;>
<div class="card paragraph" style="width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="category_photos/ir_camphor.jpg-mh.png" alt="ir spectra, jeremy laratro" style="width:60%">
</div>
<br>
<p style="grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1;">
IR spectra:
Oxidation of Borneol. <br>
Target molecule: camphor
<br>
<br> The oxidation was completed using Oxone, a greener alternative to classic oxidation reagents such
as PCC or chromic acid derivatives.<br>
<br>
As seen in the spectra (left), the product was produced, however the peak at ~2250 cm-1 was not
expected. This peak would normally be indicative
of a triple bond, however no triple bond was expected. The most likely side-product, an alcohol
derivative resulting from hydrolysis, would
be characterized by a broad peak above 3000cm-1 (as would Borneol).
Thus, it is hypothesized that the NaCl plates used introduced contaminants. Unfortunately, we only had
access to
plates that were in fairly poor condition, both physically (chipped) and also stained. They were cleaned
thoroughly with DCM, but this may have
not been enough.
</p>
<img src="category_photos/borneolcamphor.png" alt="ir spectra, jeremy laratro"
style="grid-column: 1;grid-row: 2; margin: auto">
<p style="grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2;">
Reaction overview</p>
</div>
<div class="container inside">
<div class="card paragraph" style="width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="category_photos/fluoro.jpg" alt="fluorescence, jeremy laratro"
style="/*! justify-content: center; *//*! justify-self: auto; */" width="50%" height="50%">
</div>
<p>Fluorescence assay:<br> A qualitative assessment of Pechmann Condensation product under acidic and basic
conditions. <br> Target molecule: 4-methylumbelliferone. </p>
<img src="/img/pech.JPG" alt="fluorescence, jeremy laratro"
style="/*! justify-content: center; *//*! justify-self: auto; */" width="50%" height="50%">
</div>
<div class="container inside">
<img src="category_photos/nmranndielsalderadduct.png" alt="NMR, jeremy laratro" style="height: 85%; padding-top: 8%">
<p>The Diels-Alder reaction: <br>
NMR results from [4+2] cycloaddition product via reflux of anthracene and maleic anhydride. <br>
Target product: 9,10-dihydroanthraceno,9,10-a,b-succinic anhydride. <br>
The 1H-NMR was used to determine that the product was produced; deshielding can be seen, most notably
with with "D". Despite the fact that
it is a sp3 hybridized C-H group, the aromatic rings next to it result in a higher shift.
The small peaks seen below 2.5ppm may be due to the C-H hydrogens,
from left over reactants, or potentially from the presence of side products. It also possible that the
peaks are simply noise, as the NMR machine
used for this sample was a simple desktop one.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Main content, end -->
</section>
</body>
<script>
const coll = document.getElementsByClassName("container collapsible");
let i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
coll[i].addEventListener("click", function () {
this.classList.toggle("active");
const content = this.nextElementSibling;
if (content.style.display === "block") {
content.style.display = "none";
} else {
content.style.display = "block";
}
});
}
</script>
</html>