From 14adc9857c23a40c6193d771434196988754bf29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Logan Harbour <loganhharbour@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 10:00:31 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Capture return code and use it for --run

refs #28639
---
 examples/ex01_inputfile/src/main.C                     |  4 +---
 examples/ex02_kernel/src/main.C                        |  4 +---
 examples/ex03_coupling/src/main.C                      |  4 +---
 examples/ex04_bcs/src/main.C                           |  4 +---
 examples/ex05_amr/src/main.C                           |  4 +---
 examples/ex06_transient/src/main.C                     |  4 +---
 examples/ex07_ics/src/main.C                           |  4 +---
 examples/ex08_materials/src/main.C                     |  4 +---
 examples/ex09_stateful_materials/src/main.C            |  4 +---
 examples/ex10_aux/src/main.C                           |  4 +---
 examples/ex11_prec/src/main.C                          |  4 +---
 examples/ex12_pbp/src/main.C                           |  4 +---
 examples/ex13_functions/src/main.C                     |  4 +---
 examples/ex14_pps/src/main.C                           |  4 +---
 examples/ex15_actions/src/main.C                       |  4 +---
 examples/ex16_timestepper/src/main.C                   |  4 +---
 examples/ex17_dirac/src/main.C                         |  4 +---
 examples/ex18_scalar_kernel/src/main.C                 |  4 +---
 examples/ex19_dampers/src/main.C                       |  4 +---
 examples/ex20_user_objects/src/main.C                  |  4 +---
 examples/ex21_debugging/src/main.C                     |  4 +---
 framework/include/base/MooseApp.h                      | 10 +++++++++-
 framework/include/base/MooseMain.h                     |  4 +++-
 framework/src/base/MooseApp.C                          |  8 +++-----
 modules/chemical_reactions/src/main.C                  |  4 +---
 modules/combined/src/main.C                            |  4 +---
 modules/contact/src/main.C                             |  4 +---
 modules/electromagnetics/src/main.C                    |  4 +---
 modules/external_petsc_solver/src/main.C               |  4 +---
 modules/fluid_properties/src/main.C                    |  4 +---
 modules/fsi/src/main.C                                 |  4 +---
 modules/functional_expansion_tools/src/main.C          |  4 +---
 modules/geochemistry/src/main.C                        |  4 +---
 modules/heat_transfer/src/main.C                       |  4 +---
 modules/level_set/src/main.C                           |  4 +---
 modules/misc/src/main.C                                |  4 +---
 modules/navier_stokes/src/main.C                       |  4 +---
 modules/optimization/src/main.C                        |  4 +---
 modules/peridynamics/src/main.C                        |  4 +---
 modules/phase_field/src/main.C                         |  4 +---
 modules/porous_flow/src/main.C                         |  4 +---
 modules/ray_tracing/src/main.C                         |  4 +---
 modules/rdg/src/main.C                                 |  4 +---
 modules/reactor/src/main.C                             |  4 +---
 modules/richards/src/main.C                            |  4 +---
 modules/scalar_transport/src/main.C                    |  4 +---
 modules/solid_mechanics/src/main.C                     |  4 +---
 modules/solid_properties/src/main.C                    |  4 +---
 modules/stochastic_tools/src/main.C                    |  4 +---
 modules/thermal_hydraulics/src/main.C                  |  4 +---
 modules/xfem/src/main.C                                |  4 +---
 stork/src/main.C                                       |  4 +---
 test/src/main.C                                        |  4 +---
 .../darcy_thermo_mech/step01_diffusion/src/main.C      |  4 +---
 .../step01_moose_app/src/main.C                        |  4 +---
 .../step02_input_file/src/main.C                       |  4 +---
 .../step05_kernel_object/src/main.C                    |  4 +---
 .../step06_input_params/src/main.C                     |  4 +---
 .../step08_test_harness/src/main.C                     |  4 +---
 .../step09_mat_props/src/main.C                        |  4 +---
 .../step10_auxkernels/src/main.C                       |  4 +---
 tutorials/tutorial02_multiapps/app/src/main.C          |  4 +---
 tutorials/tutorial03_verification/app/src/main.C       |  4 +---
 tutorials/tutorial04_meshing/app/src/main.C            |  4 +---
 64 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 190 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/ex01_inputfile/src/main.C b/examples/ex01_inputfile/src/main.C
index a19ed87ff08d..382121480dcd 100644
--- a/examples/ex01_inputfile/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex01_inputfile/src/main.C
@@ -20,7 +20,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex02_kernel/src/main.C b/examples/ex02_kernel/src/main.C
index c9d548fb605e..0df7c7b0868b 100644
--- a/examples/ex02_kernel/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex02_kernel/src/main.C
@@ -20,7 +20,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex03_coupling/src/main.C b/examples/ex03_coupling/src/main.C
index 42e36c548a31..f537d53edc42 100644
--- a/examples/ex03_coupling/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex03_coupling/src/main.C
@@ -22,7 +22,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex04_bcs/src/main.C b/examples/ex04_bcs/src/main.C
index 3a2063e1962c..0e835a3df1e9 100644
--- a/examples/ex04_bcs/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex04_bcs/src/main.C
@@ -21,7 +21,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex05_amr/src/main.C b/examples/ex05_amr/src/main.C
index aa9cc4318301..8d2fc43b671a 100644
--- a/examples/ex05_amr/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex05_amr/src/main.C
@@ -21,7 +21,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex06_transient/src/main.C b/examples/ex06_transient/src/main.C
index 932975809e37..8e16ac770f92 100644
--- a/examples/ex06_transient/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex06_transient/src/main.C
@@ -22,7 +22,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex07_ics/src/main.C b/examples/ex07_ics/src/main.C
index 4822cd60d390..2cf42e1410c3 100644
--- a/examples/ex07_ics/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex07_ics/src/main.C
@@ -20,7 +20,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex08_materials/src/main.C b/examples/ex08_materials/src/main.C
index 8416a759b17c..29dbebfed886 100644
--- a/examples/ex08_materials/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex08_materials/src/main.C
@@ -20,7 +20,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex09_stateful_materials/src/main.C b/examples/ex09_stateful_materials/src/main.C
index 65b5a553f374..183476393095 100644
--- a/examples/ex09_stateful_materials/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex09_stateful_materials/src/main.C
@@ -22,7 +22,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex10_aux/src/main.C b/examples/ex10_aux/src/main.C
index ad4e9e80262b..ac6d9fa058ae 100644
--- a/examples/ex10_aux/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex10_aux/src/main.C
@@ -20,7 +20,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex11_prec/src/main.C b/examples/ex11_prec/src/main.C
index 6793c1bf621f..519e802ee113 100644
--- a/examples/ex11_prec/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex11_prec/src/main.C
@@ -20,7 +20,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex12_pbp/src/main.C b/examples/ex12_pbp/src/main.C
index 6793c1bf621f..519e802ee113 100644
--- a/examples/ex12_pbp/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex12_pbp/src/main.C
@@ -20,7 +20,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex13_functions/src/main.C b/examples/ex13_functions/src/main.C
index 7cd17b2741af..fd5b26fe3047 100644
--- a/examples/ex13_functions/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex13_functions/src/main.C
@@ -18,7 +18,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex14_pps/src/main.C b/examples/ex14_pps/src/main.C
index 074f53232cc3..ec1e74f7f0a5 100644
--- a/examples/ex14_pps/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex14_pps/src/main.C
@@ -25,7 +25,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex15_actions/src/main.C b/examples/ex15_actions/src/main.C
index bbb0ee832ef7..8f2d20d20e4d 100644
--- a/examples/ex15_actions/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex15_actions/src/main.C
@@ -22,7 +22,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex16_timestepper/src/main.C b/examples/ex16_timestepper/src/main.C
index 8c77953ee16a..504bb73c6dde 100644
--- a/examples/ex16_timestepper/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex16_timestepper/src/main.C
@@ -22,7 +22,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex17_dirac/src/main.C b/examples/ex17_dirac/src/main.C
index 7c8f989526e4..f5b245f77d2f 100644
--- a/examples/ex17_dirac/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex17_dirac/src/main.C
@@ -18,7 +18,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex18_scalar_kernel/src/main.C b/examples/ex18_scalar_kernel/src/main.C
index f48f8edf9082..416e2b89b618 100644
--- a/examples/ex18_scalar_kernel/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex18_scalar_kernel/src/main.C
@@ -18,7 +18,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex19_dampers/src/main.C b/examples/ex19_dampers/src/main.C
index dc6ca2f2a8bc..2e064a785589 100644
--- a/examples/ex19_dampers/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex19_dampers/src/main.C
@@ -18,7 +18,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex20_user_objects/src/main.C b/examples/ex20_user_objects/src/main.C
index 47bdf8de396b..f132e9b02c68 100644
--- a/examples/ex20_user_objects/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex20_user_objects/src/main.C
@@ -18,7 +18,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/examples/ex21_debugging/src/main.C b/examples/ex21_debugging/src/main.C
index 8416a759b17c..29dbebfed886 100644
--- a/examples/ex21_debugging/src/main.C
+++ b/examples/ex21_debugging/src/main.C
@@ -20,7 +20,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExampleApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h b/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
index 3897050619a4..ccf144729941 100644
--- a/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
+++ b/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
@@ -128,6 +128,12 @@ class MooseApp : public ConsoleStreamInterface,
     return name;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Get the shell exit code for the application
+   * @return The shell exit code
+   */
+  int exitCode() const { return _exit_code; }
+
   /**
    * Get the parameters of the object
    * @return The parameters of the object
@@ -1234,6 +1240,8 @@ class MooseApp : public ConsoleStreamInterface,
   /// Indicates whether warnings or errors are displayed when overridden parameters are detected
   bool _error_overridden;
   bool _ready_to_exit;
+  /// The exit code
+  int _exit_code;
 
   /// This variable indicates when a request has been made to restart from an Exodus file
   bool _initial_from_file;
@@ -1412,7 +1420,7 @@ class MooseApp : public ConsoleStreamInterface,
    * and launches the TestHarness to process the given directory.
    * @return a Boolean value used to indicate whether the application should exit early
    */
-  bool runInputs() const;
+  bool runInputs();
 
   /// General storage for custom RestartableData that can be added to from outside applications
   std::unordered_map<RestartableDataMapName, std::pair<RestartableDataMap, std::string>>
diff --git a/framework/include/base/MooseMain.h b/framework/include/base/MooseMain.h
index 61017dc2568f..fbb479bfb1aa 100644
--- a/framework/include/base/MooseMain.h
+++ b/framework/include/base/MooseMain.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void addMainCommandLineParams(InputParameters & params);
  * Initialize, create and run a MooseApp
  */
 template <typename DefaultAppType>
-void
+int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
   MooseInit init(argc, argv);
@@ -45,5 +45,7 @@ main(int argc, char * argv[])
   auto app = createMooseApp(default_app_name, argc, argv);
 
   app->run();
+
+  return app->exitCode();
 }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C b/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
index 3b98be65101a..dbcb003538ba 100644
--- a/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
+++ b/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
@@ -403,6 +403,7 @@ MooseApp::MooseApp(InputParameters parameters)
     _factory(*this),
     _error_overridden(false),
     _ready_to_exit(false),
+    _exit_code(0),
     _initial_from_file(false),
     _distributed_mesh_on_command_line(false),
     _recover(false),
@@ -1669,7 +1670,7 @@ MooseApp::copyInputs() const
 }
 
 bool
-MooseApp::runInputs() const
+MooseApp::runInputs()
 {
   if (isParamValid("run"))
   {
@@ -1717,10 +1718,7 @@ MooseApp::runInputs() const
     if (processor_id() == 0)
       return_value = system(cmd.c_str());
     _communicator.broadcast(return_value);
-
-    // TODO: return the actual return value here
-    if (WIFEXITED(return_value) && WEXITSTATUS(return_value) != 0)
-      mooseError("Run failed");
+    _exit_code = return_value;
     return true;
   }
 
diff --git a/modules/chemical_reactions/src/main.C b/modules/chemical_reactions/src/main.C
index 79b51b86f8c7..0ad8d59ba89e 100644
--- a/modules/chemical_reactions/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/chemical_reactions/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ChemicalReactionsTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ChemicalReactionsTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/combined/src/main.C b/modules/combined/src/main.C
index ae452bfc3fa1..af9492f00cdf 100644
--- a/modules/combined/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/combined/src/main.C
@@ -18,7 +18,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<CombinedTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<CombinedTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/contact/src/main.C b/modules/contact/src/main.C
index fbf07f726aae..a6940aca0bc1 100644
--- a/modules/contact/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/contact/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ContactTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ContactTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/electromagnetics/src/main.C b/modules/electromagnetics/src/main.C
index bce75c1e64da..08f660cfa8c7 100644
--- a/modules/electromagnetics/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/electromagnetics/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ElectromagneticsTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ElectromagneticsTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/external_petsc_solver/src/main.C b/modules/external_petsc_solver/src/main.C
index 036e6eb97cac..a98ec6729630 100644
--- a/modules/external_petsc_solver/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/external_petsc_solver/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ExternalPetscSolverTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ExternalPetscSolverTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/fluid_properties/src/main.C b/modules/fluid_properties/src/main.C
index cc4f837ac0a3..4bceed8cc3e7 100644
--- a/modules/fluid_properties/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/fluid_properties/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<FluidPropertiesTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<FluidPropertiesTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/fsi/src/main.C b/modules/fsi/src/main.C
index cebe72b1857f..53e1fc9efe41 100644
--- a/modules/fsi/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/fsi/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<FsiTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<FsiTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/functional_expansion_tools/src/main.C b/modules/functional_expansion_tools/src/main.C
index f48d6066cdaa..4dfca5e188f0 100644
--- a/modules/functional_expansion_tools/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/functional_expansion_tools/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<FunctionalExpansionToolsTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<FunctionalExpansionToolsTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/geochemistry/src/main.C b/modules/geochemistry/src/main.C
index 01dc03aac9e1..3b3c8e3a22fc 100644
--- a/modules/geochemistry/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/geochemistry/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<GeochemistryTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<GeochemistryTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/heat_transfer/src/main.C b/modules/heat_transfer/src/main.C
index d4559bb548ab..38d377208d35 100644
--- a/modules/heat_transfer/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/heat_transfer/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<HeatTransferTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<HeatTransferTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/level_set/src/main.C b/modules/level_set/src/main.C
index 2b76c8b657a6..36c6da0a6610 100644
--- a/modules/level_set/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/level_set/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<LevelSetTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<LevelSetTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/misc/src/main.C b/modules/misc/src/main.C
index 655f54623582..b4e2cfc8025a 100644
--- a/modules/misc/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/misc/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<MiscTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<MiscTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/navier_stokes/src/main.C b/modules/navier_stokes/src/main.C
index 72ec2c82b41b..1a1c4b947d2c 100644
--- a/modules/navier_stokes/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/navier_stokes/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<NavierStokesTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<NavierStokesTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/optimization/src/main.C b/modules/optimization/src/main.C
index b50c18d11a9c..9a3f5241988a 100644
--- a/modules/optimization/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/optimization/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<OptimizationTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<OptimizationTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/peridynamics/src/main.C b/modules/peridynamics/src/main.C
index e4e9f51c58d0..24e88d1b1f3c 100644
--- a/modules/peridynamics/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/peridynamics/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<PeridynamicsTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<PeridynamicsTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/phase_field/src/main.C b/modules/phase_field/src/main.C
index 8f6d04cc976d..39a66582284e 100644
--- a/modules/phase_field/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/phase_field/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<PhaseFieldTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<PhaseFieldTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/porous_flow/src/main.C b/modules/porous_flow/src/main.C
index f2bd3b0c299b..532612152d42 100644
--- a/modules/porous_flow/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/porous_flow/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<PorousFlowTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<PorousFlowTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/ray_tracing/src/main.C b/modules/ray_tracing/src/main.C
index 23868752962c..d6d2a14d25ed 100644
--- a/modules/ray_tracing/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/ray_tracing/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<RayTracingTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<RayTracingTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/rdg/src/main.C b/modules/rdg/src/main.C
index f91df30b5272..120c84cba9ac 100644
--- a/modules/rdg/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/rdg/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<RdgTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<RdgTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/reactor/src/main.C b/modules/reactor/src/main.C
index 6b514df61cac..995d8a26840a 100644
--- a/modules/reactor/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/reactor/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ReactorTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ReactorTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/richards/src/main.C b/modules/richards/src/main.C
index 9eb63559a231..2bbb798c3e51 100644
--- a/modules/richards/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/richards/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<RichardsTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<RichardsTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/scalar_transport/src/main.C b/modules/scalar_transport/src/main.C
index 5a12efa14a60..e1036e14b5cd 100644
--- a/modules/scalar_transport/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/scalar_transport/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ScalarTransportTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ScalarTransportTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/solid_mechanics/src/main.C b/modules/solid_mechanics/src/main.C
index 7b757b228591..d6f136701013 100644
--- a/modules/solid_mechanics/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/solid_mechanics/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<SolidMechanicsTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<SolidMechanicsTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/solid_properties/src/main.C b/modules/solid_properties/src/main.C
index b0e73f8054db..a64f2e7a0137 100644
--- a/modules/solid_properties/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/solid_properties/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<SolidPropertiesTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<SolidPropertiesTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/stochastic_tools/src/main.C b/modules/stochastic_tools/src/main.C
index 73a8a20f567a..c721c755fc77 100644
--- a/modules/stochastic_tools/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/stochastic_tools/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<StochasticToolsTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<StochasticToolsTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/thermal_hydraulics/src/main.C b/modules/thermal_hydraulics/src/main.C
index 22ecff94be1d..5025fc6aba5f 100644
--- a/modules/thermal_hydraulics/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/thermal_hydraulics/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<ThermalHydraulicsTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<ThermalHydraulicsTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/modules/xfem/src/main.C b/modules/xfem/src/main.C
index 760c41539850..98445604f3c7 100644
--- a/modules/xfem/src/main.C
+++ b/modules/xfem/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<XFEMTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<XFEMTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/stork/src/main.C b/stork/src/main.C
index fc554f48a0ab..8a83fa6f8a5c 100644
--- a/stork/src/main.C
+++ b/stork/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<StorkTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<StorkTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/test/src/main.C b/test/src/main.C
index 68a3f1a07f2b..2200fcf1497d 100644
--- a/test/src/main.C
+++ b/test/src/main.C
@@ -13,7 +13,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<MooseTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<MooseTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/darcy_thermo_mech/step01_diffusion/src/main.C b/tutorials/darcy_thermo_mech/step01_diffusion/src/main.C
index 4074c7c7258a..4c94fcb7c9d6 100644
--- a/tutorials/darcy_thermo_mech/step01_diffusion/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/darcy_thermo_mech/step01_diffusion/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<DarcyThermoMechApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<DarcyThermoMechApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step01_moose_app/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step01_moose_app/src/main.C
index 740d3f137e75..8ac7ccad5a08 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step01_moose_app/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step01_moose_app/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step02_input_file/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step02_input_file/src/main.C
index 740d3f137e75..8ac7ccad5a08 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step02_input_file/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step02_input_file/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step05_kernel_object/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step05_kernel_object/src/main.C
index 740d3f137e75..8ac7ccad5a08 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step05_kernel_object/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step05_kernel_object/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step06_input_params/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step06_input_params/src/main.C
index 740d3f137e75..8ac7ccad5a08 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step06_input_params/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step06_input_params/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step08_test_harness/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step08_test_harness/src/main.C
index 740d3f137e75..8ac7ccad5a08 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step08_test_harness/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step08_test_harness/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step09_mat_props/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step09_mat_props/src/main.C
index 740d3f137e75..8ac7ccad5a08 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step09_mat_props/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step09_mat_props/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step10_auxkernels/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step10_auxkernels/src/main.C
index 740d3f137e75..8ac7ccad5a08 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step10_auxkernels/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial01_app_development/step10_auxkernels/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<BabblerTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial02_multiapps/app/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial02_multiapps/app/src/main.C
index c5b034771f78..9b17f3eabf39 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial02_multiapps/app/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial02_multiapps/app/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<MultiAppTutTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<MultiAppTutTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial03_verification/app/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial03_verification/app/src/main.C
index 4f50b354c023..f32e426baaac 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial03_verification/app/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial03_verification/app/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<VerificationTutorialTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<VerificationTutorialTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/tutorial04_meshing/app/src/main.C b/tutorials/tutorial04_meshing/app/src/main.C
index e8decd83fe76..34d543fe49a9 100644
--- a/tutorials/tutorial04_meshing/app/src/main.C
+++ b/tutorials/tutorial04_meshing/app/src/main.C
@@ -14,7 +14,5 @@
 int
 main(int argc, char * argv[])
 {
-  Moose::main<MeshingTutorialTestApp>(argc, argv);
-
-  return 0;
+  return Moose::main<MeshingTutorialTestApp>(argc, argv);
 }

From bd55828f5eb777e3d9d4ac668b6ca72c54336c48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Logan Harbour <loganhharbour@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2024 17:51:03 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Fix exit code capture

refs #28639
---
 framework/include/base/MooseApp.h |  2 +-
 framework/src/base/MooseApp.C     | 35 +++++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h b/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
index ccf144729941..7cd4ccfc52d3 100644
--- a/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
+++ b/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
@@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ class MooseApp : public ConsoleStreamInterface,
    * read/writable location for the user.
    * @return a Boolean value used to indicate whether the application should exit early
    */
-  bool copyInputs() const;
+  bool copyInputs();
 
   /**
    * Handles the run input parameter logic: Checks to see whether a directory exists in user space
diff --git a/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C b/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
index dbcb003538ba..7e9fe63f152b 100644
--- a/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
+++ b/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
@@ -1606,10 +1606,13 @@ MooseApp::getInstallableInputs() const
 }
 
 bool
-MooseApp::copyInputs() const
+MooseApp::copyInputs()
 {
   if (isParamValid("copy_inputs"))
   {
+    if (comm().size() > 1)
+      mooseError("The --copy-inputs option should not be ran in parallel");
+
     // Get command line argument following --copy-inputs on command line
     auto dir_to_copy = getParam<std::string>("copy_inputs");
 
@@ -1655,15 +1658,13 @@ MooseApp::copyInputs() const
 
     TIME_SECTION("copy_inputs", 2, "Copying Inputs");
 
-    // Only perform the copy on the root processor
-    int return_value = 0;
-    if (processor_id() == 0)
-      return_value = system(cmd.c_str());
-    _communicator.broadcast(return_value);
-
-    if (WIFEXITED(return_value) && WEXITSTATUS(return_value) != 0)
-      mooseError("Failed to copy the requested directory.");
-    Moose::out << "Directory successfully copied into ./" << dst_dir << '\n';
+    mooseAssert(comm().size() == 1, "Should be run in serial");
+    const auto return_value = system(cmd.c_str());
+    if (!WIFEXITED(return_value))
+      mooseError("Process exited unexpectedly");
+    _exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(return_value);
+    if (_exit_code == 0)
+      Moose::out << "Directory successfully copied into ./" << dst_dir << '\n';
     return true;
   }
   return false;
@@ -1677,6 +1678,9 @@ MooseApp::runInputs()
     // These options will show as unused by petsc; ignore them all
     Moose::PetscSupport::setSinglePetscOption("-options_left", "0");
 
+    if (comm().size() > 1)
+      mooseError("The --run option should not be ran in parallel");
+
     // Here we are going to pass everything after --run on the cli to the TestHarness. That means
     // cannot validate these CLIs.
     auto it = _command_line->find("run");
@@ -1712,13 +1716,12 @@ MooseApp::runInputs()
           " --run <dir>\" again.");
     }
 
-    // Only launch the tests on the root processor
     Moose::out << "Working Directory: " << working_dir << "\nRunning Command: " << cmd << std::endl;
-    int return_value = 0;
-    if (processor_id() == 0)
-      return_value = system(cmd.c_str());
-    _communicator.broadcast(return_value);
-    _exit_code = return_value;
+    mooseAssert(comm().size() == 1, "Should be run in serial");
+    const auto return_value = system(cmd.c_str());
+    if (!WIFEXITED(return_value))
+      mooseError("Process exited unexpectedly");
+    _exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(return_value);
     return true;
   }
 

From e1f47c59a90e4e71bc56f3eca3ce3945bc36a2f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Logan Harbour <loganhharbour@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2024 17:18:10 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Add exit code setter

refs #28639
---
 framework/include/base/MooseApp.h | 5 +++++
 framework/src/base/MooseApp.C     | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h b/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
index 7cd4ccfc52d3..7f2782320159 100644
--- a/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
+++ b/framework/include/base/MooseApp.h
@@ -134,6 +134,11 @@ class MooseApp : public ConsoleStreamInterface,
    */
   int exitCode() const { return _exit_code; }
 
+  /**
+   * Sets the exit code that the application will exit with.
+   */
+  void setExitCode(const int exit_code) { _exit_code = exit_code; }
+
   /**
    * Get the parameters of the object
    * @return The parameters of the object
diff --git a/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C b/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
index 7e9fe63f152b..5d95db8d1c2d 100644
--- a/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
+++ b/framework/src/base/MooseApp.C
@@ -1662,8 +1662,8 @@ MooseApp::copyInputs()
     const auto return_value = system(cmd.c_str());
     if (!WIFEXITED(return_value))
       mooseError("Process exited unexpectedly");
-    _exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(return_value);
-    if (_exit_code == 0)
+    setExitCode(WEXITSTATUS(return_value));
+    if (exitCode() == 0)
       Moose::out << "Directory successfully copied into ./" << dst_dir << '\n';
     return true;
   }
@@ -1721,7 +1721,7 @@ MooseApp::runInputs()
     const auto return_value = system(cmd.c_str());
     if (!WIFEXITED(return_value))
       mooseError("Process exited unexpectedly");
-    _exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(return_value);
+    setExitCode(WEXITSTATUS(return_value));
     return true;
   }
 

From 342dfe75d4e7b4c928dd4d46bd7357d0ffc4e8ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Logan Harbour <loganhharbour@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2024 17:23:03 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Add newsletter entry on main exit code

refs #28639
---
 .../doc/content/newsletter/2024/2024_09.md    | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)

diff --git a/modules/doc/content/newsletter/2024/2024_09.md b/modules/doc/content/newsletter/2024/2024_09.md
index 64efc847b999..82e2788bbccb 100644
--- a/modules/doc/content/newsletter/2024/2024_09.md
+++ b/modules/doc/content/newsletter/2024/2024_09.md
@@ -14,6 +14,32 @@ now provide interfaces to compute the specific internal energy as a function of
 temperature. This new interface is useful, for example, in measuring the
 internal energy in solids for energy conservation verification.
 
+### Exit Code Management
+
+The ability was added to allow an application to set its exit code, which can
+be seen in `MooseApp::setExitCode()`. This feature was added in order to better
+support instances in which you want to run an external process within an application,
+as the proper return code from the external process can be captured and
+returned via your application.
+
+In order for an application properly return this exit code, a modification is needed
+within the `main` function. To do this, modify the `main()` function in `src/main.C`
+to look like the following:
+
+```
+int
+main(int argc, char * argv[])
+{
+  return Moose::main<YourApp>(argc, argv);
+}
+```
+
+where `YourApp` is the class for your application.
+
+This change should be made as soon as possible as the logic that was changed here
+impacts the application command line options `--run` and `--copy-inputs` used for
+executing installed MOOSE applications.
+
 ## libMesh-level Changes
 
 ## PETSc-level Changes