diff --git a/dz3r-model/src/main/java/net/sf/dz3r/device/actuator/AbstractCqrsDevice.java b/dz3r-model/src/main/java/net/sf/dz3r/device/actuator/AbstractCqrsDevice.java
index 4b44148e2..b80811725 100644
--- a/dz3r-model/src/main/java/net/sf/dz3r/device/actuator/AbstractCqrsDevice.java
+++ b/dz3r-model/src/main/java/net/sf/dz3r/device/actuator/AbstractCqrsDevice.java
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import net.sf.dz3r.signal.Signal;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
 import reactor.core.Disposable;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Sinks;
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@
 
 import java.time.Clock;
 import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
 public abstract class AbstractCqrsDevice<I, O> implements CqrsDevice<I, O> {
@@ -38,6 +40,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractCqrsDevice<I, O> implements CqrsDevice<I, O> {
     private final Disposable commandSubscription;
     protected final Sinks.Many<Signal<DeviceState<O>, String>> stateSink = Sinks.many().multicast().onBackpressureBuffer();
 
+    private I lastCommand;
+    private Instant lastSet;
+
     protected O requested;
     protected O actual;
 
@@ -53,9 +58,49 @@ protected AbstractCqrsDevice(String id, Clock clock, Duration heartbeat, Duratio
         commandSubscription = commandSink
                 .asFlux()
                 .publishOn(Schedulers.newSingle("cqrs-" + id))
+                .flatMap(this::limitRate)
                 .subscribe(this::setStateSync);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Make sure {@link #setStateSync(Object)} is not called for identical commands more often than {@link #pace} interval in between.
+     *
+     * @param command Command to inspect
+     *
+     * @return Flux of just the input command if the pace is not exceeded, or empty Flux if it is.
+     */
+    synchronized Flux<I> limitRate(I command) {
+
+        ThreadContext.push("limitRate");
+
+        try {
+
+            var now = clock.instant();
+
+            if (!command.equals(lastCommand)) {
+
+                logger.trace("{}: command={} pass - different from {}", id, command, lastCommand);
+
+                lastCommand = command;
+                lastSet = now;
+
+                return Flux.just(command);
+            }
+
+            var interval = Duration.between(lastSet, now);
+            if (interval.compareTo(pace) < 0) {
+                logger.trace("{}: command={} drop - too soon ({} vs {})", id, command, interval, pace);
+                return Flux.empty();
+            }
+
+            logger.trace("{}: command={} pass - {} is beyond {}", id, command, interval, pace);
+            lastSet = now;
+            return Flux.just(command);
+
+        } finally {
+            ThreadContext.pop();
+        }
+    }
 
     @Override
     public DeviceState<O> getState() {
diff --git a/dz3r-model/src/test/java/net/sf/dz3r/device/actuator/AbstractCqrsDeviceTest.java b/dz3r-model/src/test/java/net/sf/dz3r/device/actuator/AbstractCqrsDeviceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89945f25e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dz3r-model/src/test/java/net/sf/dz3r/device/actuator/AbstractCqrsDeviceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package net.sf.dz3r.device.actuator;
+
+import net.sf.dz3r.common.TestClock;
+import net.sf.dz3r.device.DeviceState;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
+
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class AbstractCqrsDeviceTest {
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("getPaceStream")
+    void pace(Flux<PaceTuple> source) {
+
+        var clock = new TestClock();
+        var device = new PaceTest("pt", clock, null, Duration.ofSeconds(30));
+
+        source
+                .doOnNext(t -> {
+                    clock.setOffset(t.offset);
+                    assertThat(device.limitRate(t.command).blockFirst()).isEqualTo(t.expected);
+                })
+                .blockLast();
+    }
+
+    private record PaceTuple(
+            String command,
+            Duration offset,
+            String expected
+    ) {
+
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Flux<PaceTuple>> getPaceStream() {
+
+        return Stream.of(
+                Flux.just(
+                        new PaceTuple("A", Duration.ZERO, "A"), // Pace is 30 seconds
+                        new PaceTuple("A", Duration.ofSeconds(40), "A"), // Beyond the window, should be let through
+                        new PaceTuple("A", Duration.ofSeconds(50), null), // Falls within, swallowed
+                        new PaceTuple("B", Duration.ofSeconds(51), "B") // Different command, let through
+                )
+        );
+    }
+
+    private class PaceTest extends AbstractCqrsDevice<String, String> {
+
+        protected PaceTest(String id, Clock clock, Duration heartbeat, Duration pace) {
+            super(id, clock, heartbeat, pace);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void setStateSync(String command) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("shouldn't be used");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected String getCloseCommand() {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("shouldn't be used");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void closeSubclass() throws Exception {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("shouldn't be used");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isAvailable() {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("shouldn't be used");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public DeviceState<String> setState(String state) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("shouldn't be used");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dz3r-model/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml b/dz3r-model/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml
index 9f4ce2f2b..d90353193 100644
--- a/dz3r-model/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml
+++ b/dz3r-model/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 <Configuration status="WARN">
     <Appenders>
         <Console name="CONSOLE" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
-            <PatternLayout pattern="%highlight{%d{HH:mm:ss,SSS} %level %class{1} %t %NDC %message%n}"/>
+            <PatternLayout pattern="%highlight{%d{HH:mm:ss,SSS} %level %class{1} %t %NDC %message%n}{TRACE=white}"/>
         </Console>
     </Appenders>
     <Loggers>
-        <Root level="DEBUG">
+        <Root level="TRACE">
             <AppenderRef ref="CONSOLE"/>
         </Root>
     </Loggers>