To endure is to remain present within a specific context throughout a specific period.
Duration is the period which a specific element endures within a specific context.
Durability is a trait which represents the relative predicted duration of a specific element as compared to alternatives.
During is a preposition which limits the context of a concept to a specific interval of time.
Endure and persist are practically equivalent (and, don't need separate formal definitions), but durable and persistent are not equivalent. (Persistent is a strictly specialized type of durable.)
The context within which an element endures may have widely variable temporal limits. For example, an ocean may endure indefinitely on a specific planet, depending on climate-- but it would not survive the planet's destruction. Likewise, elements may endure indefinitely during very brief but contextually crucial intervals.