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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="author" content="Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg">
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<title>Collocation: Practice</title>
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<div id="quarto-content" class="page-columns page-rows-contents page-layout-article toc-left">
<div id="quarto-sidebar-toc-left" class="sidebar toc-left">
<nav id="TOC" role="doc-toc" class="toc-active">
<h2 id="toc-title">Table of contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#materials" id="toc-materials" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#materials">Materials</a></li>
<li><a href="#collocation-via-concordance" id="toc-collocation-via-concordance" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#collocation-via-concordance"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Collocation via concordance</a></li>
<li><a href="#phraseology-1" id="toc-phraseology-1" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#phraseology-1"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Phraseology 1</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#tasks" id="toc-tasks" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#tasks">Tasks</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#phraseology-2-semantic-field" id="toc-phraseology-2-semantic-field" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#phraseology-2-semantic-field"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Phraseology 2: Semantic field</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#task" id="toc-task" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#task"><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> Task</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#meaning-via-collocation" id="toc-meaning-via-collocation" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#meaning-via-collocation"><span class="header-section-number">4</span> Meaning via collocation</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#task-1" id="toc-task-1" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#task-1"><span class="header-section-number">4.1</span> Task</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#meaning-via-collocation-across-text-topic" id="toc-meaning-via-collocation-across-text-topic" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#meaning-via-collocation-across-text-topic"><span class="header-section-number">5</span> Meaning via collocation across text-topic</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#task-2" id="toc-task-2" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#task-2"><span class="header-section-number">5.1</span> Task</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#distinct-co-occurrence-patterns-of-near-synonyms" id="toc-distinct-co-occurrence-patterns-of-near-synonyms" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#distinct-co-occurrence-patterns-of-near-synonyms"><span class="header-section-number">6</span> Distinct co-occurrence patterns of near-synonyms</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#tasks-1" id="toc-tasks-1" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#tasks-1"><span class="header-section-number">6.1</span> Tasks</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#references" id="toc-references" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
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<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">
<header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
<div class="quarto-title">
<h1 class="title">Collocation: Practice</h1>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-author">
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Author</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Affiliation</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="author"><a href="https://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/people/gede-rajeg">Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg</a> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-8621" class="quarto-title-author-orcid"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></a></p>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="affiliation">
University of Oxford / <a href="https://www.cirhss.org/" target="_blank" style="color:DodgerBlue;">CIRHSS</a> & <a href="https://github.com/complexico" target="_blank" style="color:DodgerBlue;">CompLexico</a>, Udayana University
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta">
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Published</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="date">July 20, 2024</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Modified</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="date-modified">July 25, 2024</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<section id="materials" class="level2 unnumbered">
<h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="materials">Materials</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>source files for all materials:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024" class="uri">https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>pdf version as a handout <a href="https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024/blob/main/03-practice.pdf">here</a></p></li>
<li><p>How to cite these materials:</p>
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya. 2024. Materials for the <em>Diponegoro Summer Course in Corpus Linguistics</em> (<em>DipSCORLING 2024</em>) (22 - 27 July 2024). R Quarto. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793922">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793922</a>. (22 July, 2024).</p>
</blockquote></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="collocation-via-concordance" class="level2" data-number="1">
<h2 data-number="1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="collocation-via-concordance"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Collocation via concordance</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Generate 50 random concordance-lines with the word-form <em>endangered</em> (you may want to use the <code>ADVANCED</code> interface with CQL so that you do not get the form with capital letter to exclude proper name like <em>Endangered Language Archive</em>)</p>
<ul>
<li><p>try to identify the syntactically relevant collocates of <em>endangered</em></p></li>
<li><p>pay attention to the part-of-speech of <em>endangered</em> (it can be a verb in simple past or past participle form and as a participial adjective)</p>
<ul>
<li>pay attention to the relevant syntactic relation of <em>endangered</em> in a given part-of-speech to identify the collocates</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>what kind of entity gets <em>endangered</em>?</p></li>
<li><p>what is the proportion of verbal vs. adjectival usage of <em>endangered</em>?</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="phraseology-1" class="level2" data-number="2">
<h2 data-number="2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="phraseology-1"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Phraseology 1</h2>
<p>You will use the <code>ADVANCED</code> tab of the N-GRAMS feature</p>
<section id="tasks" class="level3 unnumbered">
<h3 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="tasks">Tasks</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>say you are interested in multi-word expression (from three to four words) that revolves around the word <em>shiny</em> (case <strong>insensitive</strong>) (my output: <a href="https://ske.li/158" class="uri">https://ske.li/158</a>)</p>
<ul>
<li><p>identify the co-occurrence of <em>shiny</em> with another word within a nominal coordination construction</p>
<ul>
<li><p>this is the qualitative aspect of corpus analysis</p></li>
<li><p>this is a syntactically-oriented analysis of co-occurrence data from corpus</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>find multi-word expression containing three words</p>
<ul>
<li>the expression is ended with words containing the suffix -<em>ly</em></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>find multi-word expression containing the word <em>talk</em></p>
<ul>
<li>you want <em>talk</em> to initiate (i.e., appear in expression-initial) the expression</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>how would you find multi-word expression with the following criteria?</p>
<ul>
<li><p>a three-word sequence</p></li>
<li><p>containing the coordinating conjunction <em>and</em></p></li>
<li><p>only in the following three-gram pattern: [<code>ANY.WORD</code> <em>and</em> <code>ANY.WORD</code>]</p>
<ul>
<li>my answer after you did yours: <a href="https://ske.li/16m" class="uri">https://ske.li/16m</a> (check the criteria of my query)</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Hint: Sketch Engine does not have a ready-made feature to handle this query in the N-grams, but:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>you could make use of the regular expression feature on the output, OR</p></li>
<li><p>I want you to think about another possible workaround on this issue and let’s discuss</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Take away message:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>a feature in our tool may not always provide an <em>explicit</em>, <em>direct</em> way to do thing</p>
<ul>
<li>we need to find a workaround given this issue</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>any one doing corpus linguistics <em>must</em> know regular expression, in my opinion</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="phraseology-2-semantic-field" class="level2" data-number="3">
<h2 data-number="3" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="phraseology-2-semantic-field"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Phraseology 2: Semantic field</h2>
<p>You are interested in studying the semantic landscape of lexical verbs that express certain action towards body parts in the constructional pattern [<code>LEX-VERB pronoun in the BODY-PART-NOUN</code>] (as in “<em>poke X in the eye</em>” <span class="citation" data-cites="langacker2008">(<a href="#ref-langacker2008" role="doc-biblioref">Langacker 2008: 20</a>)</span>).</p>
<p>The point of this practice relates to the topic of:</p>
<ol type="a">
<li><p>the profile of semantic field of collocates of a (class of) word (cf. the lecture slide) <span class="citation" data-cites="hunston2002">(<a href="#ref-hunston2002" role="doc-biblioref">Hunston 2002</a>)</span></p></li>
<li><p>the role of collocation to find phraseology of a word <span class="citation" data-cites="hunston2002">(<a href="#ref-hunston2002" role="doc-biblioref">Hunston 2002</a>)</span></p></li>
<li><p>corpus query</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Here are the list of body-part noun lemmas that you will include in the search queries:</p>
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><em>face</em>, <em>body</em>, <em>eye</em>, <em>neck</em>, <em>head</em>, <em>chest</em>, <em>stomach</em>, <em>belly</em>, <em>leg</em>, <em>foot</em>, <em>hip</em>, <em>buttock</em>, <em>ass</em>, <em>cheek</em>, <em>arm</em>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>You can add yours too.</p>
<section id="task" class="level3" data-number="3.1">
<h3 data-number="3.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="task"><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> Task</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>How would you translate the aforementioned theoretical inquiry into operational query in Sketch Engine?</p></li>
<li><p>What corpus tool of Sketch Engine would you use?</p>
<ul>
<li><p>in your query, attempt to include the body-part noun at once/simultaneously in one go</p></li>
<li><p>HINT: you can solve this inquiry in ONE search</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>How many tokens do you get?</p></li>
<li><p>Can you directly get the type frequency of the pattern expressing the meaning ‘exerting action/force towards somebody’s body part’?</p></li>
<li><p>How would you go about processing the output of your query so that you could answer your inquiry?</p>
<ul>
<li><p>the semantic range of the lexical verb slot in the pattern</p></li>
<li><p>whether every verb can co-occur with every body-part noun</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>LET’S DISCUSS YOUR ANSWERS and ANY ISSUES</p>
<ul>
<li>My own solution to this inquiry: <a href="https://ske.li/16n" class="uri">https://ske.li/16n</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section id="meaning-via-collocation" class="level2" data-number="4">
<h2 data-number="4" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="meaning-via-collocation"><span class="header-section-number">4</span> Meaning via collocation</h2>
<p>You will use the WORD SKETCH feature</p>
<section id="task-1" class="level3" data-number="4.1">
<h3 data-number="4.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="task-1"><span class="header-section-number">4.1</span> Task</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>We will look at the lemma LEAK <span class="citation" data-cites="hunston2002">(<a href="#ref-hunston2002" role="doc-biblioref">Hunston 2002: 76</a>)</span></p>
<ul>
<li>make an initial prediction about <em>what is it that leaks</em> to check in the output</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>In the output focus on the syntactic relation of the lemma as <strong>verb</strong> <em>LEAK</em>.</p>
<ul>
<li><p>is your initial prediction confirmed?</p></li>
<li><p>how many senses could you postulate for the use of the verbal lemma <em>LEAK</em>?</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section id="meaning-via-collocation-across-text-topic" class="level2" data-number="5">
<h2 data-number="5" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="meaning-via-collocation-across-text-topic"><span class="header-section-number">5</span> Meaning via collocation across text-topic</h2>
<p>You will use the WORD SKETCH feature</p>
<section id="task-2" class="level3" data-number="5.1">
<h3 data-number="5.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="task-2"><span class="header-section-number">5.1</span> Task</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Determine separately what gets <em>viral</em> in:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><em>culture & entertainment</em> VS. <em>science</em> text topic</p></li>
<li><p>How would you translate that instruction into query?</p></li>
<li><p>What could you discuss from the output of the two text topics regarding what gets <em>viral</em>?</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section id="distinct-co-occurrence-patterns-of-near-synonyms" class="level2" data-number="6">
<h2 data-number="6" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="distinct-co-occurrence-patterns-of-near-synonyms"><span class="header-section-number">6</span> Distinct co-occurrence patterns of near-synonyms</h2>
<p>You will use the WORD SKETCH DIFFERENCE feature.</p>
<section id="tasks-1" class="level3" data-number="6.1">
<h3 data-number="6.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="tasks-1"><span class="header-section-number">6.1</span> Tasks</h3>
<p>The adjectives chosen here are taken from Stefanowitsch’s <span class="citation" data-cites="stefanowitsch2003">(<a href="#ref-stefanowitsch2003" role="doc-biblioref">2003: 2</a>)</span> lecture note.</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Contrast <em>costly</em> vs. <em>expensive</em></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Do these adjectives apply to (i.e., can modify) the same nouns?</p></li>
<li><p>What are the nouns that tend to be costly but not expensive?</p>
<ul>
<li>could you abstract away from the specific word form to a coherently semantic grouping of the collocates?</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Contrast <em>earn</em> vs. <em>gain</em></p>
<ul>
<li><p>what could you earn vs. gain?</p>
<ul>
<li>could you abstract away from the specific word form to a coherently semantic grouping of the collocates?</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p><strong>how</strong>/<strong>in what way</strong> could you earn vs. gain something?</p>
<ul>
<li>which collocate type would you check to answer this question?</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section id="references" class="level2 unnumbered">
</section>
<div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" role="doc-bibliography" id="quarto-bibliography"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">References</h2><div id="refs" class="references csl-bib-body hanging-indent" data-entry-spacing="0" role="list">
<div id="ref-hunston2002" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Hunston, Susan. 2002. <em>Corpora in applied linguistics</em>. 1st edn. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524773">https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524773</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-langacker2008" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Langacker, Ronald W. 2008. <em>Cognitive grammar: A basic introduction</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
</div>
<div id="ref-stefanowitsch2003" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Stefanowitsch, Anatol. 2003. Synonymy problems. Corpus Linguistics lecture notes. (20 November, 2013).
</div>
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