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<title>Frequency List: Practice</title>
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<body>
<div id="quarto-content" class="page-columns page-rows-contents page-layout-article toc-left">
<div id="quarto-sidebar-toc-left" class="sidebar toc-left">
<nav id="TOC" role="doc-toc" class="toc-active">
<h2 id="toc-title">Table of contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#materials" id="toc-materials" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#materials">Materials</a></li>
<li><a href="#practice-1-words-beginning-with-certain-strings" id="toc-practice-1-words-beginning-with-certain-strings" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#practice-1-words-beginning-with-certain-strings"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Practice 1: Words beginning with certain strings</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#first-approach-the-basic-find-all-approach-then-filtering" id="toc-first-approach-the-basic-find-all-approach-then-filtering" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#first-approach-the-basic-find-all-approach-then-filtering"><span class="header-section-number">1.1</span> First approach: The basic, find all approach then filtering</a></li>
<li><a href="#second-approach-your-turn-the-basic-starting-with-feature" id="toc-second-approach-your-turn-the-basic-starting-with-feature" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#second-approach-your-turn-the-basic-starting-with-feature"><span class="header-section-number">1.2</span> Second approach (your turn): The basic, <code>Starting with</code> feature</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#practice-2-words-of-certain-word-classpart-of-speech-containing-certain-affixes" id="toc-practice-2-words-of-certain-word-classpart-of-speech-containing-certain-affixes" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#practice-2-words-of-certain-word-classpart-of-speech-containing-certain-affixes"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Practice 2: Words of certain word-class/part-of-speech containing certain affixes</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#requirement" id="toc-requirement" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#requirement"><span class="header-section-number">2.1</span> Requirement</a></li>
<li><a href="#task" id="toc-task" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#task"><span class="header-section-number">2.2</span> Task</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#practice-3-windshield-vs.-windscreen" id="toc-practice-3-windshield-vs.-windscreen" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#practice-3-windshield-vs.-windscreen"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Practice 3: <em>windshield</em> vs. <em>windscreen</em></a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#task-1" id="toc-task-1" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#task-1"><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> Task</a></li>
<li><a href="#operationalisation" id="toc-operationalisation" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#operationalisation"><span class="header-section-number">3.2</span> Operationalisation:</a></li>
<li><a href="#results" id="toc-results" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#results"><span class="header-section-number">3.3</span> Results</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#practice-4-frequency-of-lexical-verb-tags-in-american-ame-vs.-british-bre-english-for-the-press-editorial-ame-bre-vs.-press-reportage-ame-bre" id="toc-practice-4-frequency-of-lexical-verb-tags-in-american-ame-vs.-british-bre-english-for-the-press-editorial-ame-bre-vs.-press-reportage-ame-bre" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#practice-4-frequency-of-lexical-verb-tags-in-american-ame-vs.-british-bre-english-for-the-press-editorial-ame-bre-vs.-press-reportage-ame-bre"><span class="header-section-number">4</span> Practice 4: Frequency of lexical-verb tags in American (AmE) vs. British (BrE) English for the Press: Editorial (AmE & BrE) vs. Press: Reportage (AmE & BrE)</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#requirements" id="toc-requirements" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#requirements"><span class="header-section-number">4.1</span> Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#task-2" id="toc-task-2" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#task-2"><span class="header-section-number">4.2</span> Task</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#references" id="toc-references" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#references"><span class="header-section-number">5</span> Reference(s)</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<div id="quarto-margin-sidebar" class="sidebar margin-sidebar">
</div>
<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">
<header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
<div class="quarto-title">
<h1 class="title">Frequency List: Practice</h1>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-author">
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Author</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Affiliation</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="author"><a href="https://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/people/gede-rajeg">Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg</a> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-8621" class="quarto-title-author-orcid"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></a></p>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="affiliation">
University of Oxford / <a href="https://www.cirhss.org/" target="_blank" style="color:DodgerBlue;">CIRHSS</a> & <a href="https://github.com/complexico" target="_blank" style="color:DodgerBlue;">CompLexico</a>, Udayana University
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta">
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Published</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="date">July 20, 2024</p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Modified</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="date-modified">July 25, 2024</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<section id="materials" class="level2 unnumbered">
<h2 class="unnumbered anchored" data-anchor-id="materials">Materials</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>source files for all materials:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024" class="uri">https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>pdf version as a handout <a href="https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024/blob/main/01-practice.pdf">here</a></p></li>
<li><p>How to cite these materials:</p>
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya. 2024. Materials for the <em>Diponegoro Summer Course in Corpus Linguistics</em> (<em>DipSCORLING 2024</em>) (22 - 27 July 2024). R Quarto. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793922">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793922</a>. (22 July, 2024).</p>
</blockquote></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="practice-1-words-beginning-with-certain-strings" class="level2" data-number="1">
<h2 data-number="1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="practice-1-words-beginning-with-certain-strings"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Practice 1: Words beginning with certain strings</h2>
<p>For this (and the remainder of the) practice, we will use the <code>Brown Family (CLAWS + TreeTagger tags)</code> corpus.</p>
<p>We will compare the results of retrieving words starting with certain strings/character using two approaches:</p>
<ol type="a">
<li><p>Retrieving all words then filter</p></li>
<li><p>Directly using BASIC’s <code>starting with</code> approach</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Pay attention to the results. Why do you think they differ?</p>
<ul>
<li><p>IMPLICATION 1: some limitation of SE regarding their result outputs.</p></li>
<li><p>IMPLICATION 2: important for our aim to target/generate specific list with certain criteria using more targeted feature.</p></li>
</ul>
<section id="first-approach-the-basic-find-all-approach-then-filtering" class="level3" data-number="1.1">
<h3 data-number="1.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="first-approach-the-basic-find-all-approach-then-filtering"><span class="header-section-number">1.1</span> First approach: The basic, find all approach then filtering</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li>In the <code>BASIC</code> tab (<a href="#fig-basic" class="quarto-xref">Figure 1</a>), select: <strong>words</strong> > <strong>all</strong> > <span style="color:firebrick"><strong>GO</strong></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-basic" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center quarto-float anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure">
<div aria-describedby="fig-basic-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<img src="img/04-practice-00-basic.png" style="width:7in;height:4in" class="figure-img">
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-basic-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figure 1: Wordlist <code>BASIC</code> interface searching for all words
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li><p>On the output page of the Wordlist (see <a href="#fig-filter" class="quarto-xref">Figure 2</a>), click on the <code>Filter</code> feature (i.e., the up-side-down triangle lines, to the right of the “eye-like” symbol on the upper right corner).</p></li>
<li><p>Select the option <code>Starting with</code> as shown in <a href="#fig-filter" class="quarto-xref">Figure 2</a> below.</p></li>
</ol>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-filter" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center quarto-float anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure">
<div aria-describedby="fig-filter-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<img src="img/04-practice-01-filter.png" style="width:7in;height:4in" class="figure-img">
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-filter-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figure 2: <code>Filter</code> option in the Wordlist output, choosing the <code>Starting with</code> condition.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ol start="4" type="1">
<li><p>Type in “kn” in the field</p></li>
<li><p>Press <code>Enter</code>; the result is shown in <a href="#fig-kn-result" class="quarto-xref">Figure 3</a></p></li>
</ol>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-kn-result" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center quarto-float anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure">
<div aria-describedby="fig-kn-result-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<img src="img/04-practice-02-filter-results.png" style="width:7in;height:4in" class="figure-img">
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-kn-result-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figure 3: Output of filtering words starting with <code>kn</code> in the all word list.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You will get five items.</p>
</section>
<section id="second-approach-your-turn-the-basic-starting-with-feature" class="level3" data-number="1.2">
<h3 data-number="1.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="second-approach-your-turn-the-basic-starting-with-feature"><span class="header-section-number">1.2</span> Second approach (your turn): The basic, <code>Starting with</code> feature</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>In the <code>BASIC</code> tab, instead of using <strong>words</strong> > <strong>all</strong>, use <strong>words</strong> > <strong>starting with</strong></p></li>
<li><p>Then, type <code>kn</code> then hit <span style="color:firebrick"><strong>GO</strong></span></p></li>
<li><p>Compare the current results with that in <a href="#fig-kn-result" class="quarto-xref">Figure 3</a>. How many do you get? (Answer key (you need to LOGIN 😒): <a href="https://ske.li/15i" class="uri">https://ske.li/15i</a>)</p>
<p>3.1. Why do they differ?</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="practice-2-words-of-certain-word-classpart-of-speech-containing-certain-affixes" class="level2" data-number="2">
<h2 data-number="2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="practice-2-words-of-certain-word-classpart-of-speech-containing-certain-affixes"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Practice 2: Words of certain word-class/part-of-speech containing certain affixes</h2>
<p>We are still in the <code>BASIC</code> tab. We will explore the productivity (the number of different items/type frequency) of English adjectives containing suffixes. We focus on suffixes meaning ‘having a resemblance of’, particularly comparing -<em>esque</em> (which has a more specialised meaning of ‘in the style of ~’) and -<em>ish</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="bauer2022">(see <a href="#ref-bauer2022" role="doc-biblioref">Bauer 2022: 55</a>)</span>.</p>
<section id="requirement" class="level3" data-number="2.1">
<h3 data-number="2.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="requirement"><span class="header-section-number">2.1</span> Requirement</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>IMPORTANT: This involves results from two searches: one for each suffix</p></li>
<li><p>Later, in the output interface, look at the upper left corner to find basic quantitative information:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>the number of items (i.e., the type frequency)</p></li>
<li><p>the total frequency of these items (i.e., the token frequency especially of adjectives having these suffixes)</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="task" class="level3" data-number="2.2">
<h3 data-number="2.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="task"><span class="header-section-number">2.2</span> Task</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Conceptual aspect:</p>
<ul>
<li>try to intuite which suffix would be more productive, in terms of their type and token frequency, in the corpus we use (later check this intuition with the results).</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Operationalisation:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>How would you devise a targeted search using just the <code>BASIC</code> feature to retrieve <strong>only adjectives</strong> ending with these suffixes? 🤔</p></li>
<li><p>REMEMBER: you need to run two searches for each suffix</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Results:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>How many items are there for -<em>esque</em> and what is the total frequency of these -<em>esque</em> adjectives? (Answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15k" class="uri">https://ske.li/15k</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>How many items are there for -<em>ish</em> and what is the total frequency of these -<em>ish</em> adjectives? (Answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15l" class="uri">https://ske.li/15l</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>Which suffix is more productive (in terms of the total number of items) in this <code>Brown Family (CLAWS + TreeTagger tags)</code> corpus? Is your intuition supported by the data?</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section id="practice-3-windshield-vs.-windscreen" class="level2" data-number="3">
<h2 data-number="3" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="practice-3-windshield-vs.-windscreen"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Practice 3: <em>windshield</em> vs. <em>windscreen</em></h2>
<p>We are now in the <code>ADVANCED</code> tab of Wordlist.</p>
<section id="task-1" class="level3" data-number="3.1">
<h3 data-number="3.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="task-1"><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> Task</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Conceptual aspect:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>these two words refer roughly to the same objects (see Google Image results for <a href="https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=3b07b09e3325eaa7&q=windscreen&udm=2&fbs=AEQNm0DPvcmG_nCbmwtBO9j6YBzM68ZanC7g01Skprhw5JoufVCiMv-hxC44jt6JduRQysBab-bgQXjPraaWFXMvOy8Kr1OAG3K-aj3De4zf3-LxKoaBOHENVo1k3FsU_7VdG-lbBdYQBVAakrHrBWGS-k8Zm9pRqIJKY0zb_8Yc1yb2kIc_SnnCknRRcFFT0aENEckMuT8Kk1K5cHbClUhGfX7kzn-27g&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=2ahUKEwjGlKvCsbqHAxWNR2wGHbcgA0kQtKgLegQIDBAB&biw=1440&bih=754&dpr=2">windscreen</a> and <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=windshield&sca_esv=3b07b09e3325eaa7&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=754&ei=XS2eZovaFIiOseMP7c6iwAg&iflsig=AL9hbdgAAAAAZp47bX1dqN_ekER2AtQRPVd_8Y1z62jg&ved=0ahUKEwjL_NW9sbqHAxUIR2wGHW2nCIgQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=windshield&gs_lp=EgNpbWciCndpbmRzaGllbGQyCBAAGIAEGLEDMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAAGIAEMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAAGIAEMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAAGIAESOcTUABYmhJwAXgAkAEAmAHWAaABlQeqAQYxMC4wLjG4AQPIAQD4AQGKAgtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ5gCDKACwgfCAg4QABiABBixAxiDARiKBcICBBAAGAOYAwCSBwYxMS4wLjGgB84z&sclient=img&udm=2">windshield</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>are they different in terms of their frequency?</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="operationalisation" class="level3" data-number="3.2">
<h3 data-number="3.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="operationalisation"><span class="header-section-number">3.2</span> Operationalisation:</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>try to check their frequency in ALL Brown Family first (think about how you would devise the search)</p></li>
<li><p>then, check their frequency in the combined region corpus.</p>
<ul>
<li><p>American: BROWN, FROWN, AE06 (AmE)</p></li>
<li><p>British: FLOB, BLOB, LOB, BE06 (BrE)</p></li>
<li><p>Do you learn a pattern of use of these two words from their frequency searches? Let’s discuss!</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="results" class="level3" data-number="3.3">
<h3 data-number="3.3" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="results"><span class="header-section-number">3.3</span> Results</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Overall frequency in the WHOLE BROWN FAMILY of</p>
<ul>
<li><p><em>windshield</em> (answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15n" class="uri">https://ske.li/15n</a>)</p></li>
<li><p><em>windscreen</em> (answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15o" class="uri">https://ske.li/15o</a>)</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Frequency by the combined sub-corpus</p>
<ul>
<li><p><em>windsheild</em> in BROWN, FROWN, AE06 (AmE) (answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15p" class="uri">https://ske.li/15p</a>)</p></li>
<li><p><em>windsheild</em> in FLOB, BLOB, LOB, BE06 (BrE) (answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15r" class="uri">https://ske.li/15r</a>)</p></li>
<li><p><em>windscreen</em> in BROWN, FROWN, AE06 (AmE) (answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15t" class="uri">https://ske.li/15t</a>)</p></li>
<li><p><em>windscreen</em> in FLOB, BLOB, LOB, BE06 (BrE) (answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15s" class="uri">https://ske.li/15s</a>)</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Do you learn a pattern of use of these two words from their frequency searches? Let’s discuss!</p></li>
</ul>
<p>This practice is inspired from Stefanowitsch <span class="citation" data-cites="stefanowitsch2020">(<a href="#ref-stefanowitsch2020" role="doc-biblioref">2020</a>)</span>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="practice-4-frequency-of-lexical-verb-tags-in-american-ame-vs.-british-bre-english-for-the-press-editorial-ame-bre-vs.-press-reportage-ame-bre" class="level2" data-number="4">
<h2 data-number="4" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="practice-4-frequency-of-lexical-verb-tags-in-american-ame-vs.-british-bre-english-for-the-press-editorial-ame-bre-vs.-press-reportage-ame-bre"><span class="header-section-number">4</span> Practice 4: Frequency of lexical-verb tags in American (AmE) vs. British (BrE) English for the Press: Editorial (AmE & BrE) vs. Press: Reportage (AmE & BrE)</h2>
<section id="requirements" class="level3" data-number="4.1">
<h3 data-number="4.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="requirements"><span class="header-section-number">4.1</span> Requirements</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>We need to run four searches (and hence download four search results):</p>
<ul>
<li><p>lexical verb tags for Editorial in AmE</p></li>
<li><p>lexical verb tags for Reportage in BrE</p></li>
<li><p>lexical verb tags for Editorial in BrE</p></li>
<li><p>lexical verb tags for Reportage in AmE</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="task-2" class="level3" data-number="4.2">
<h3 data-number="4.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="task-2"><span class="header-section-number">4.2</span> Task</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>Conceptual aspect:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Do these sub-genres differ in the use of certain classes of lexical verbs across the two English varieties?</p>
<ul>
<li>We can look at certain tag, for instance the simple past tag</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Operationalisation:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Advanced</p></li>
<li><p>Select <code>tags</code> (Layer 1)</p></li>
<li><p><code>matching regex</code> (Layer 2)</p></li>
<li><p>click the <code>TAGS</code> to reveal the pattern to get tag for “lexical verb” (i.e., the <code>VV.*</code>)</p></li>
<li><p>Text types<sup>?</sup> select:</p>
<ul>
<li>doc.genre: Press > Editorial</li>
<li>doc.region: American</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Hit <span style="color:firebrick"><strong>GO</strong></span></p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Results:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>NOTE: it takes a while, even for this small, less than 10 million tokens BROWN Family.</p></li>
<li><p>In the <code>View options</code>, check the Frequency per million words to see the relative frequency</p></li>
<li><p>Answer key: <a href="https://ske.li/15m" class="uri">https://ske.li/15m</a></p></li>
<li><p>There are several list of verb tags, focus on comparing a given tag between Editorial and Reportage (within variety) and between the same sub-genre across variety.</p></li>
<li><p>For more insightful analyses, we need to further process these datasets in Excel or in statistical programming language such as R.</p>
<ul>
<li>Most of the time, corpus tools like Sketch Engine or AntConc are just part of the means (e.g., providing raw data) to an end. For example, we might want to directly visualise the distribution (i.e., relative frequency) of selected tags by genres between varieties as shown in <a href="#fig-lexverb-tag" class="quarto-xref">Figure 4</a>. This requires processing the output of corpus tool further that these two corpus tools cannot do. The graph in <a href="#fig-lexverb-tag" class="quarto-xref">Figure 4</a> is produced in R (<a href="https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024/blob/main/01-freqlist-code.R">code file</a>) based on the <a href="https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024/tree/main/results">data in the repository here</a> (see the .csv files starting with <code>lex-verb-...</code>).</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div id="fig-lexverb-tag" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center quarto-float anchored">
<figure class="quarto-float quarto-float-fig figure">
<div aria-describedby="fig-lexverb-tag-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
<img src="results/fig-01-lexical-verb-tags-by-variety.png" style="width:7in;height:3in" class="figure-img">
</div>
<figcaption class="quarto-float-caption-bottom quarto-float-caption quarto-float-fig" id="fig-lexverb-tag-caption-0ceaefa1-69ba-4598-a22c-09a6ac19f8ca">
Figure 4: Relative frequency of selected verb tags with absolute frequency greater than 1,000
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="references" class="level2 unnumbered" data-number="5">
</section>
<div id="quarto-appendix" class="default"><section class="quarto-appendix-contents" role="doc-bibliography" id="quarto-bibliography"><h2 class="anchored quarto-appendix-heading">5 Reference(s)</h2><div id="refs" class="references csl-bib-body hanging-indent" data-entry-spacing="0" role="list">
<div id="ref-bauer2022" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Bauer, Laurie. 2022. <em>An introduction to English lexicology</em> (Edinburgh textbooks on the English language). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
</div>
<div id="ref-stefanowitsch2020" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Stefanowitsch, Anatol. 2020. <em>Corpus linguistics: A guide to the methodology</em>. Berlin: Language Science Press.
</div>
</div></section></div></main>
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const elementsIds = ["code-annotation-line-highlight", "code-annotation-line-highlight-gutter"];
elementsIds.forEach((elId) => {
const div = window.document.getElementById(elId);
if (div) {
div.remove();
}
});
selectedAnnoteEl = undefined;
};
// Handle positioning of the toggle
window.addEventListener(
"resize",
throttle(() => {
elRect = undefined;
if (selectedAnnoteEl) {
selectCodeLines(selectedAnnoteEl);
}
}, 10)
);
function throttle(fn, ms) {
let throttle = false;
let timer;
return (...args) => {
if(!throttle) { // first call gets through
fn.apply(this, args);
throttle = true;
} else { // all the others get throttled
if(timer) clearTimeout(timer); // cancel #2
timer = setTimeout(() => {
fn.apply(this, args);
timer = throttle = false;
}, ms);
}
};
}
// Attach click handler to the DT
const annoteDls = window.document.querySelectorAll('dt[data-target-cell]');
for (const annoteDlNode of annoteDls) {
annoteDlNode.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
const clickedEl = event.target;
if (clickedEl !== selectedAnnoteEl) {
unselectCodeLines();
const activeEl = window.document.querySelector('dt[data-target-cell].code-annotation-active');
if (activeEl) {
activeEl.classList.remove('code-annotation-active');
}
selectCodeLines(clickedEl);
clickedEl.classList.add('code-annotation-active');
} else {
// Unselect the line
unselectCodeLines();
clickedEl.classList.remove('code-annotation-active');
}
});
}
const findCites = (el) => {
const parentEl = el.parentElement;
if (parentEl) {
const cites = parentEl.dataset.cites;
if (cites) {
return {
el,
cites: cites.split(' ')
};
} else {
return findCites(el.parentElement)
}
} else {
return undefined;
}
};
var bibliorefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[role="doc-biblioref"]');
for (var i=0; i<bibliorefs.length; i++) {
const ref = bibliorefs[i];
const citeInfo = findCites(ref);
if (citeInfo) {
tippyHover(citeInfo.el, function() {
var popup = window.document.createElement('div');
citeInfo.cites.forEach(function(cite) {
var citeDiv = window.document.createElement('div');
citeDiv.classList.add('hanging-indent');
citeDiv.classList.add('csl-entry');
var biblioDiv = window.document.getElementById('ref-' + cite);
if (biblioDiv) {
citeDiv.innerHTML = biblioDiv.innerHTML;
}
popup.appendChild(citeDiv);
});
return popup.innerHTML;
});
}
}
});
</script>
</div> <!-- /content -->
</body></html>