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particle_life.html
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<html>
<title>Life</title>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
:root {
color-scheme: dark;
--canvas-bg-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); /* transparent */
}
body {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
#canvas {
border: #504e52;
border-style: dashed;
border-width: 3;
outline: none; /* because of the 'tabindex' focus trick */
background-color: var(--canvas-bg-color);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 'tabindex' is a trick to make the canvas capture key events -->
<canvas id="canvas" tabindex="1"></canvas>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/lil-gui@0.17"></script>
<script>
const maxRadius = 300;
const maxClusters = 5000;
const minClusterSize = 10;
const predefinedColors = ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green', 'cyan', 'pink', 'brown', 'tan', 'gold', 'navy', 'lime', 'white'];
const settings = {
seed: 91651088029,
fps: 0,
atoms: {
count: 200, // Per Color
radius: 2.5,
},
drawings: { // Drawing options can be expensive on performance
lines: false, // draw lines between atoms that arr effecting each other
circle: true, // draw atoms as circles
clusters: false,
background_color: '#000000', // Background color
},
export: {
// Export a Screenshot image
image: () => {
const imageDataURL = canvas.toDataURL({
format: 'png',
quality: 7
});
dataURL_downloader(imageDataURL);
},
// Export a video recording
video: () => {
mediaRecorder.state == 'recording' ? mediaRecorder.stop() : mediaRecorder.start();
},
},
explore: true,
explorePeriod: 180,
rules: {},
rulesArray: [],
radii: {},
radii2Array: [],
colors: [],
numColors: 7,
time_scale: 1.0,
viscosity: 0.7, // speed-dampening (can be >1 !)
gravity: 0.0, // pulling downward
pulseDuration: 1,
wallRepel: 20,
reset: () => {
randomAtoms(settings.atoms.count, true)
},
randomRules: () => {
settings.seed = local_seed // last used seed is the new starting seed
startRandom()
},
symmetricRules: () => {
symmetricRules()
randomAtoms(settings.atoms.count, true)
updateGUIDisplay()
},
gui: null,
}
const setupClicks = () => {
canvas.addEventListener('click',
(e) => {
pulse = settings.pulseDuration;
if (e.shiftKey) pulse = -pulse;
pulse_x = e.clientX;
pulse_y = e.clientY;
}
)
}
const setupKeys = () => {
canvas.addEventListener('keydown',
function (e) {
console.log(e.key)
switch (e.key) {
case 'r':
settings.randomRules()
break;
case 't':
settings.drawings.clusters = !settings.drawings.clusters
break;
case 'o':
settings.reset()
break;
case 's':
settings.symmetricRules()
break;
default:
console.log(e.key)
}
})
}
const updateGUIDisplay = () => {
console.log('gui', settings.gui)
settings.gui.destroy()
setupGUI()
}
Object.defineProperty(String.prototype, 'capitalise', {
value: function() {
return this.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + this.slice(1);
},
enumerable: false
})
// Build GUI
const setupGUI = () => {
settings.gui = new lil.GUI()
// Configs
const configFolder = settings.gui.addFolder('Config')
configFolder.add(settings, 'reset').name('Reset')
configFolder.add(settings, 'randomRules').name('Random Rules')
configFolder.add(settings, 'symmetricRules').name('Symmetric Rules')
configFolder.add(settings, 'numColors', 1, 12, 1).name('Number of Colors')
.listen().onFinishChange(v => {
setNumberOfColors();
startRandom();
})
configFolder.add(settings, 'seed').name('Seed').listen().onFinishChange(v => {
startRandom();
})
configFolder.add(settings, 'fps').name('FPS - (Live)').listen().disable()
configFolder.add(settings.atoms, 'count', 1, 3000, 1).name('Atoms per-color').listen().onFinishChange(v => {
randomAtoms(v, true)
})
configFolder.add(settings, 'time_scale', 0.1, 5, 0.01).name('Time Scale').listen()
configFolder.add(settings, 'viscosity', 0.1, 2, 0.1).name('Viscosity').listen()
configFolder.add(settings, 'gravity', 0., 1., 0.05).name('Gravity').listen()
configFolder.add(settings, 'pulseDuration', 1, 1, 1).name('Click Pulse Duration').listen()
configFolder.add(settings, 'wallRepel', 0, 100, 1).name('Wall Repel').listen()
configFolder.add(settings, 'explore').name('Random Exploration').listen()
// Drawings
const drawingsFolder = settings.gui.addFolder('Drawings')
drawingsFolder.add(settings.atoms, 'radius', 1, 10, 0.5).name('Radius').listen()
drawingsFolder.add(settings.drawings, 'circle').name('Circle Shape').listen()
drawingsFolder.add(settings.drawings, 'clusters').name('Track Clusters').listen()
drawingsFolder.add(settings.drawings, 'lines').name('Draw Lines').listen()
drawingsFolder.addColor(settings.drawings, 'background_color').name('Background Color').listen()
// Export
const exportFolder = settings.gui.addFolder('Export')
exportFolder.add(settings.export, 'image').name('Image')
exportFolder.add(settings.export, 'video').name('Video: Start / stop')
// Colors
for (const atomColor of settings.colors) {
const colorFolder =
settings.gui.addFolder(`Rules: <font color=\'${atomColor}\'>${atomColor.capitalise()}</font>`)
for (const ruleColor of settings.colors) {
colorFolder.add(settings.rules[atomColor], ruleColor, -1, 1, 0.001)
.name(`<-> <font color=\'${ruleColor}\'>${ruleColor.capitalise()}</font>`)
.listen().onFinishChange(v => { flattenRules() }
)
}
colorFolder.add(settings.radii, atomColor, 1, maxRadius, 5).name('Radius')
.listen().onFinishChange(v => { flattenRules() }
)
}
}
// Seedable 'decent' random generator
var local_seed = settings.seed;
function mulberry32() {
let t = local_seed += 0x6D2B79F5;
t = Math.imul(t ^ t >>> 15, t | 1);
t ^= t + Math.imul(t ^ t >>> 7, t | 61);
return ((t ^ t >>> 14) >>> 0) / 4294967296.;
}
function loadSeedFromUrl() {
let hash = window.location.hash;
if (hash != undefined && hash[0] == '#') {
let param = Number(hash.substr(1)); // remove the leading '#'
if (isFinite(param)) {
settings.seed = param;
console.log("Using seed " + settings.seed);
}
}
}
function randomRules() {
if (!isFinite(settings.seed)) settings.seed = 0xcafecafe;
window.location.hash = "#" + settings.seed;
document.title = "Life #" + settings.seed;
local_seed = settings.seed;
console.log("Seed=" + local_seed);
for (const i of settings.colors) {
settings.rules[i] = {};
for (const j of settings.colors) {
settings.rules[i][j] = mulberry32() * 2 - 1;
}
settings.radii[i] = mulberry32() * 100;
}
console.log(JSON.stringify(settings.rules));
flattenRules()
}
function symmetricRules() {
for (const i of settings.colors) {
for (const j of settings.colors) {
if (j < i) {
let v = 0.5 * (settings.rules[i][j] + settings.rules[j][i]);
settings.rules[i][j] = settings.rules[j][i] = v;
}
}
}
console.log(JSON.stringify(settings.rules));
flattenRules()
}
function flattenRules() {
settings.rulesArray = []
settings.radii2Array = []
for (const c1 of settings.colors) {
for (const c2 of settings.colors) {
settings.rulesArray.push(settings.rules[c1][c2])
}
settings.radii2Array.push(settings.radii[c1] * settings.radii[c1])
}
}
function updateCanvasDimensions() {
canvas.width = window.innerWidth * 0.98;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight * 0.95;
}
// Initiate Random locations for Atoms ( used when atoms created )
function randomX() {
return mulberry32() * (canvas.width - 100) + 50;
};
function randomY() {
return mulberry32() * (canvas.height - 100) + 50;
};
/* Create an Atom - Use matrices for x4/5 performance improvement
atom[0] = x
atom[1] = y
atom[2] = ax
atom[3] = ay
atom[4] = color (index)
*/
const create = (number, color) => {
for (let i = 0; i < number; i++) {
atoms.push([randomX(), randomY(), 0, 0, color])
}
};
function randomAtoms(number_of_atoms_per_color, clear_previous) {
if (clear_previous) atoms.length = 0;
for (let c = 0; c < settings.colors.length; c++) {
create(number_of_atoms_per_color, c)
}
clusters.length = 0;
}
function startRandom() {
randomRules();
randomAtoms(settings.atoms.count, true);
updateGUIDisplay()
}
function setNumberOfColors() {
settings.colors = [];
for (let i = 0; i < settings.numColors; ++i) {
settings.colors.push(predefinedColors[i]);
}
}
// Run Application
loadSeedFromUrl()
// Canvas
const canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
const m = canvas.getContext("2d");
// Draw a square
const drawSquare = (x, y, color, radius) => {
m.fillStyle = color;
m.fillRect(x - radius, y - radius, 2 * radius, 2 * radius);
}
// Draw a circle
function drawCircle(x, y, color, radius, fill = true) {
m.beginPath();
m.arc(x, y, radius, 0 * Math.PI, 2 * Math.PI); // x, y, radius, ArcStart, ArcEnd
m.closePath();
m.strokeStyle = m.fillStyle = color;
fill ? m.fill() : m.stroke()
};
// Draw a line between two atoms
function drawLineBetweenAtoms(ax, ay, bx, by, color) {
m.beginPath();
m.moveTo(ax, ay);
m.lineTo(bx, by);
m.closePath();
m.strokeStyle = color;
m.stroke();
};
// [position-x, position-y, radius, color]
// /* tmp accumulators: */
// {count, accum-x, accum-y, accum-d^2, accum-color}]
let clusters = [];
function newCluster() {
return [randomX(), randomY(), maxRadius, 'white'];
}
function addNewClusters(num_clusters) {
if (clusters.length < num_clusters / 2) {
while (clusters.length < num_clusters) clusters.push(newCluster());
}
}
function findNearestCluster(x, y) {
let best = -1;
let best_d2 = 1.e38;
for (let i = 0; i < clusters.length; ++i) {
const c = clusters[i];
const dx = c[0] - x;
const dy = c[1] - y;
const d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
if (d2 < best_d2) {
best = i;
best_d2 = d2;
}
}
return [best, best_d2];
}
function moveClusters(accums) {
let max_d = 0.; // record max cluster displacement
for (let i = 0; i < clusters.length; ++i) {
let c = clusters[i];
const a = accums[i];
if (a[0] > minClusterSize) {
const norm = 1. / a[0];
const new_x = a[1] * norm;
const new_y = a[2] * norm;
max_d = Math.max(max_d, Math.abs(c[0] - new_x), Math.abs(c[1 ] - new_y));
c[0] = new_x;
c[1] = new_y;
}
}
return max_d;
}
function finalizeClusters(accums) {
for (let i = 0; i < clusters.length; ++i) {
let c = clusters[i];
const a = accums[i];
if (a[0] > minClusterSize) {
const norm = 1. / a[0];
const new_r = 1.10 * Math.sqrt(a[3] * norm); // with 10% extra room
c[2] = 0.95 * c[2] + 0.05 * new_r; // exponential smoothing
// 'average' color
c[3] = settings.colors[Math.floor(a[4] * norm + .5)];
} else {
c[2] = 0.; // disable the weak cluster
}
}
// note: if half of the particles are not within the average
// radius of the cluster, we should probably split it in two
// along the main axis!
}
function trackClusters() {
addNewClusters(maxClusters);
let accums = [];
for (const c of clusters) accums.push([0, 0., 0., 0., 0]);
const maxKMeanPasses = 10;
for (let pass = maxKMeanPasses; pass >= 0; --pass) {
for (let a of accums) a = [0, 0., 0., 0., 0];
for (const c of atoms) {
const [best, best_d2] = findNearestCluster(c[0], c[1]);
if (best >= 0 && best_d2 < maxRadius * maxRadius) {
accums[best][0] += 1;
accums[best][1] += c[0];
accums[best][2] += c[1];
accums[best][3] += best_d2;
accums[best][4] += c[4];
}
}
const max_d = moveClusters(accums);
if (max_d < 1.) break;
}
finalizeClusters(accums);
}
function drawClusters() {
let i = 0;
while (i < clusters.length) {
let c = clusters[i];
if (c[2] > 0.) {
drawCircle(c[0], c[1], c[3], c[2], false);
++i;
} else {
// remove cluster by swapping with last
const last = clusters.pop();
if (i < clusters.length) clusters[i] = last;
}
}
}
// Canvas Dimensions
updateCanvasDimensions()
// Params for click-based pulse event
var pulse = 0;
var pulse_x = 0,
pulse_y = 0;
var exploration_timer = 0;
function exploreParameters() {
if (exploration_timer <= 0) {
let c1 = settings.colors[Math.floor(mulberry32() * settings.numColors)];
if (mulberry32() >= 0.2) { // 80% of the time, we change the strength
let c2 = settings.colors[Math.floor(mulberry32() * settings.numColors)];
let new_strength = mulberry32();
// for better results, we force opposite-signed values
if (settings.rules[c1][c2] > 0) new_strength = -new_strength;
settings.rules[c1][c2] = new_strength;
} else { // ...otherwise, the radius
settings.radii[c1] = 1 + Math.floor(mulberry32() * 100);
}
flattenRules();
exploration_timer = settings.explorePeriod;
}
exploration_timer -= 1;
}
var total_v; // global velocity as a estimate of on-screen activity
// Apply Rules ( How atoms interact with each other )
const applyRules = () => {
total_v = 0.;
// update velocity first
for (const a of atoms) {
let fx = 0;
let fy = 0;
const idx = a[4] * settings.numColors;
const r2 = settings.radii2Array[a[4]]
for (const b of atoms) {
const g = settings.rulesArray[idx + b[4]];
const dx = a[0] - b[0];
const dy = a[1] - b[1];
if (dx !== 0 || dy !== 0) {
const d = dx * dx + dy * dy;
if (d < r2) {
const F = g / Math.sqrt(d);
fx += F * dx;
fy += F * dy;
// Draw lines between atoms that are effecting each other.
if (settings.drawings.lines) {
drawLineBetweenAtoms(a[0], a[1], b[0], b[1], settings.colors[b[4]]);
}
}
}
}
if (pulse != 0) {
const dx = a[0] - pulse_x;
const dy = a[1] - pulse_y;
const d = dx * dx + dy * dy;
if (d > 0) {
const F = 100. * pulse / (d * settings.time_scale);
fx += F * dx;
fy += F * dy;
}
}
if (settings.wallRepel > 0) {
const d = settings.wallRepel
const strength = 0.1
if (a[0] < d) fx += (d - a[0]) * strength
if (a[0] > canvas.width - d) fx += (canvas.width - d - a[0]) * strength
if (a[1] < d) fy += (d - a[1]) * strength
if (a[1] > canvas.height - d) fy += (canvas.height - d - a[1]) * strength
}
fy += settings.gravity;
const vmix = (1. - settings.viscosity);
a[2] = a[2] * vmix + fx * settings.time_scale;
a[3] = a[3] * vmix + fy * settings.time_scale;
// record typical activity, so that we can scale the
// time_scale later accordingly
total_v += Math.abs(a[2]);
total_v += Math.abs(a[3]);
}
// update positions now
for (const a of atoms) {
a[0] += a[2]
a[1] += a[3]
// When Atoms touch or bypass canvas borders
if (a[0] < 0) {
a[0] = -a[0];
a[2] *= -1;
}
if (a[0] >= canvas.width) {
a[0] = 2 * canvas.width - a[0];
a[2] *= -1;
}
if (a[1] < 0) {
a[1] = -a[1];
a[3] *= -1;
}
if (a[1] >= canvas.height) {
a[1] = 2 * canvas.height - a[1];
a[3] *= -1;
}
}
total_v /= atoms.length;
};
// Generate Rules
setNumberOfColors()
randomRules()
// Generate Atoms
const atoms = []
randomAtoms(settings.atoms.count, true)
setupClicks()
setupKeys()
setupGUI()
console.log('settings', settings)
// Update Frames
var lastT = Date.now();
update();
function update() {
// Update Canvas Dimensions - if screen size changed
updateCanvasDimensions()
// Background color
m.fillStyle = settings.drawings.background_color;
m.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
// Appy Rules
applyRules();
// Draw Atoms
for (const a of atoms) {
if (settings.drawings.circle) {
drawCircle(a[0], a[1], settings.colors[a[4]], settings.atoms.radius);
} else {
drawSquare(a[0], a[1], settings.colors[a[4]], settings.atoms.radius);
}
}
if (settings.drawings.clusters) {
trackClusters();
drawClusters();
}
updateParams();
// const inRange = (a) => 0 <= a[0] && a[0] < canvas.width && 0 <= a[1] && a[1] < canvas.height
// console.log('inRange', atoms.filter(inRange).length)
requestAnimationFrame(update);
};
// post-frame stats and updates
function updateParams() {
// record FPS
var curT = Date.now();
if (curT > lastT) {
const new_fps = 1000. / (curT - lastT);
settings.fps = Math.round(settings.fps * 0.8 + new_fps * 0.2)
lastT = curT;
}
// adapt time_scale based on activity
if (total_v > 30. && settings.time_scale > 5.) settings.time_scale /= 1.1;
if (settings.time_scale < 0.9) settings.time_scale *= 1.01;
if (settings.time_scale > 1.1) settings.time_scale /= 1.01;
if (pulse != 0) pulse -= (pulse > 0) ? 1 : -1;
if (settings.explore) exploreParameters();
}
// Download DataURL
function dataURL_downloader(dataURL, name = `particle_life_${settings.seed}`) {
const hyperlink = document.createElement("a");
// document.body.appendChild(hyperlink);
hyperlink.download = name;
hyperlink.target = '_blank';
hyperlink.href = dataURL;
hyperlink.click();
hyperlink.remove();
};
// Recorde a video ----------------------------------
// Stream
const videoStream = canvas.captureStream();
// Video Recorder
const mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(videoStream);
// temp chunks
let chunks = [];
// Store chanks
mediaRecorder.ondataavailable = function (e) {
chunks.push(e.data);
};
// Download video after recording is stopped
mediaRecorder.onstop = function (e) {
// Chunks ---> Blob
const blob = new Blob(chunks, { 'type': 'video/mp4' });
// Blob -----> DataURL
const videoDataURL = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
// Download video
dataURL_downloader(videoDataURL);
// Reset Chunks
chunks = [];
};
// mediaRecorder.start(); // Start recording
// mediaRecorder.stop(); // Stop recording
// --------------------------------------------------
</script>
</body>
</html>