A formal request to be considered for a position or to be allowed to do or have something, submitted to an authority, institution, or organization.1
Applications reference an explicit Call for Applications (e.g. a funding call or call for nominations for an award).
Subclasses specify the nature of the application as well the details. An application typically contains the request (what is proposed to happen) and its justification (what benefits it would bring).
Those of Resource Request.
in-response-to / has-application : An Application can optionally reference the Call for Applications it responds to.
[1] Source: The Oxford Dictionary, https://www.lexico.com/definition/application